LECOM MS1 ANATOMY EXAM 3 HEAD
AND NECK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
/. Retropharyngeal Abscess - Answer-✅Infection between the cervical vertebrae and
the pharyngeal wall
/.In what population does retropharyngeal abscesses occur most often? - Answer-
✅Under 6 years old and Immunocompromised adults (HIV+, AIDS)
/.Symptoms of a retropharyngeal abscess - Answer-✅Fever, sore throat, dysphagia,
odynophagia, neck/back pain
/.Torticollis - Answer-✅Head tilt due to shortening/spasming of the SCM
/.Types of torticollis - Answer-✅Congenital (shortening) and infection/disease (spasm)
/.Subclavian artery anastomoses - Answer-✅Cirumflex scapular, Thoracoacromial
(CPAD), Transverse scapular, and deep transverse cervical
/.Subclavian Venipuncture - Answer-✅Used for the placement of a central line (gains
access to the venous network)
/.Where is a subclavian venipuncture performed - Answer-✅Into the subclavian vein at
the first rib
/.What are some complications with subclavian venipuncture? - Answer-
✅Hemiparalysis of the diaphragm (phrenic nerve injury)
Puncture of the subclavian artery (run together)
Pneumo/hemothorax (puncturing of the cupula)
/.Distention of the External Jugular Vein - Answer-✅Valsalva maneuver, CHF, SVC
obstruction, enlarged supraclavicular nodes, tricuspid stenosis/regurgitation
/.Shanking of the EJV - Answer-✅Held open due to the fascia that surrounds the vein
/.Jugular Body - Answer-✅Similar to the carotid body (measures chemical composition
in the vein); Located in the jugular foramen
, /.Pulsations of the IJV - Answer-✅Caused by mitral valve disease or right ventricular
failure
/.Phrenic Nerve Levels - Answer-✅C3-C5
/.Phrenic Nerve Location in the neck - Answer-✅Along the anterior scalene muscle
(anterior surface)
/.Nerve block of the Cervical Plexus - Answer-✅Anesthesia injected along the middle
1/3 of the SCM at the nerve point
/.Nerves affected by Nerve Block of Cervical Plexus - Answer-✅Cutaneous Branches of
C1-C4
Great Auricular, Lesser occipital, transverse cervical, supraclavicular nerves
/.Nerve block of the brachial plexus - Answer-✅Anesthesia injected above clavicle at
Erb's point (scalene triangle)
/.Nerve Block of the Stellate Ganglion - Answer-✅Impacts sympathetic function of
ipsilateral head, neck, and UE
/.Suprascapular Nerve - Answer-✅In close contact with the clavicle (innervates supra
and infraspinatus)
/.Damage to suprascapular nerve - Answer-✅Weakness in lateral rotation and initiation
of abduction of shoulder
/.Ligation of ECA - Answer-✅Controls bleeding during surgery
/.Anastomoses of ECA - Answer-✅Midline (facial arteries)
Descending branch of occipital to vertebral/deep cervical/ascending cervical arteries
/.Carotid Endarterectomy - Answer-✅Removal of plaque from the inside of the ICA
/.Iatrogenic injury of the ICA - Answer-✅Cervical Plexus cutaneous (loss of neck
sensation)
CN IX (dysphagia + diminished gag reflex)
CN X (hoarseness + dysphagia + diminished gag reflex)
CN XI (weakness in shrugging shoulder + turning head to resistance)
CN XII (tongue paralysis)
Ansa cervicalis + C1 to thyrohyoid (difficulty stabilizing hyoid)
Sympathetic Trunk (Horner's Syndrome (FPAM))
AND NECK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
/. Retropharyngeal Abscess - Answer-✅Infection between the cervical vertebrae and
the pharyngeal wall
/.In what population does retropharyngeal abscesses occur most often? - Answer-
✅Under 6 years old and Immunocompromised adults (HIV+, AIDS)
/.Symptoms of a retropharyngeal abscess - Answer-✅Fever, sore throat, dysphagia,
odynophagia, neck/back pain
/.Torticollis - Answer-✅Head tilt due to shortening/spasming of the SCM
/.Types of torticollis - Answer-✅Congenital (shortening) and infection/disease (spasm)
/.Subclavian artery anastomoses - Answer-✅Cirumflex scapular, Thoracoacromial
(CPAD), Transverse scapular, and deep transverse cervical
/.Subclavian Venipuncture - Answer-✅Used for the placement of a central line (gains
access to the venous network)
/.Where is a subclavian venipuncture performed - Answer-✅Into the subclavian vein at
the first rib
/.What are some complications with subclavian venipuncture? - Answer-
✅Hemiparalysis of the diaphragm (phrenic nerve injury)
Puncture of the subclavian artery (run together)
Pneumo/hemothorax (puncturing of the cupula)
/.Distention of the External Jugular Vein - Answer-✅Valsalva maneuver, CHF, SVC
obstruction, enlarged supraclavicular nodes, tricuspid stenosis/regurgitation
/.Shanking of the EJV - Answer-✅Held open due to the fascia that surrounds the vein
/.Jugular Body - Answer-✅Similar to the carotid body (measures chemical composition
in the vein); Located in the jugular foramen
, /.Pulsations of the IJV - Answer-✅Caused by mitral valve disease or right ventricular
failure
/.Phrenic Nerve Levels - Answer-✅C3-C5
/.Phrenic Nerve Location in the neck - Answer-✅Along the anterior scalene muscle
(anterior surface)
/.Nerve block of the Cervical Plexus - Answer-✅Anesthesia injected along the middle
1/3 of the SCM at the nerve point
/.Nerves affected by Nerve Block of Cervical Plexus - Answer-✅Cutaneous Branches of
C1-C4
Great Auricular, Lesser occipital, transverse cervical, supraclavicular nerves
/.Nerve block of the brachial plexus - Answer-✅Anesthesia injected above clavicle at
Erb's point (scalene triangle)
/.Nerve Block of the Stellate Ganglion - Answer-✅Impacts sympathetic function of
ipsilateral head, neck, and UE
/.Suprascapular Nerve - Answer-✅In close contact with the clavicle (innervates supra
and infraspinatus)
/.Damage to suprascapular nerve - Answer-✅Weakness in lateral rotation and initiation
of abduction of shoulder
/.Ligation of ECA - Answer-✅Controls bleeding during surgery
/.Anastomoses of ECA - Answer-✅Midline (facial arteries)
Descending branch of occipital to vertebral/deep cervical/ascending cervical arteries
/.Carotid Endarterectomy - Answer-✅Removal of plaque from the inside of the ICA
/.Iatrogenic injury of the ICA - Answer-✅Cervical Plexus cutaneous (loss of neck
sensation)
CN IX (dysphagia + diminished gag reflex)
CN X (hoarseness + dysphagia + diminished gag reflex)
CN XI (weakness in shrugging shoulder + turning head to resistance)
CN XII (tongue paralysis)
Ansa cervicalis + C1 to thyrohyoid (difficulty stabilizing hyoid)
Sympathetic Trunk (Horner's Syndrome (FPAM))
