Biology Module 3 Exam With Detailed
Questions And Correct
Answers||Latest Exam 2026-
2027||Already Graded A+
How do cells know where to send specific proteins? -ANSWER Signal sequencing
Signal sequencing -ANSWER Specific amino acid sequences found only in proteins that
are transported from the cytoplasm
Signal sequences are approximately ___ to ___ amino acids long. -ANSWER 15; 60
Nuclear localization sequence -ANSWER N... - Pro - Pro - Lys - Lys - Lys - Arg - Lys -
Val - ...C
ER import signal sequence -ANSWER N - Met - Met - Ser - Phe - Val - Ser - Leu - Leu -
Leu - Val - Gly - Ile - Leu - Phe - Trp - Ala - Thr -Glu - Ala - Glu - Gln - Leu - Thr - Lys -
Cys - Glu -Val - Phe - Gln - ... C
Where does the synthesis of proteins begin? -ANSWER On free ribosomes located in
the cytoplasm
What decides whether the ribosome stays free or becomes attached to the ER? -
ANSWER The protein being synthesized
Post-translational transport -ANSWER When the protein is completely synthesized on
free ribosomes, and is transported to its eventual destination after complete synthesis
Co-translational transport -ANSWER Ribosomes are attached to the ER, proteins are
transported into the ER while they are still being synthesized and then are transported
to their final destination
Nuclear pore complex -ANSWER Serves as a gate to control passage through the
nuclear envelope
Proteins needed in the nucleus... -ANSWER Are made in the cytoplasm and imported
into the nucleus, along with nucleotides for building DNA and RNA
mRNA is exported through... -ANSWER Nuclear pores
The process of translocation through nuclear pores -ANSWER 1. Post-translational
2. Protein is folded
, 3. Nuclear import receptor recognizes nuclear localization signal
4. Cytosilic fibrils interact with nuclear import receptors
5. Energy is required
How are proteins transported into mitochondria and chloroplasts? -ANSWER 1. Post-
translationally
2. They're kept unfolded by chaperones
3. Signal sequence binds to receptor protein in outer membrane
4. ATP helps move the protein through the channel
5. Protein is threaded through channels and then folds
First law of thermodynamics -ANSWER Energy can be transformed from one type to
another, but cannot be created or destroyed
What is the potential energy in chemical bonds used for? -ANSWER Making reactions
occur
What determines the amount of potential energy stored in chemical bonds? -ANSWER
Electron position
Second law of thermodynamics -ANSWER Entropy is always increasing
How do physical and chemical processes proceed? -ANSWER In the direction that
results in products with lower potential energy and an increase in disorder
Cells require ______ to keep themselves ordered. -ANSWER Energy
The processes of life increase the _______ of the universe. -ANSWER Disorder
How do cells get energy? -ANSWER 1. Acquire molecules from the environment
2. Break down molecules to release energy
3. Use left over monomers as building blocks for biosynthesis
4. Metabolism
Gibbs free energy -ANSWER Energy stored that can be used to do work
How can delta G be calculated? -ANSWER Products minus reactants
Chemical reactions proceed spontaneously in the direction that causes... -ANSWER A
loss of free energy
If delta G is negative? -ANSWER 1. Spontaneous
2. Favorable
3. Exergonic
4. Increases entropy
Questions And Correct
Answers||Latest Exam 2026-
2027||Already Graded A+
How do cells know where to send specific proteins? -ANSWER Signal sequencing
Signal sequencing -ANSWER Specific amino acid sequences found only in proteins that
are transported from the cytoplasm
Signal sequences are approximately ___ to ___ amino acids long. -ANSWER 15; 60
Nuclear localization sequence -ANSWER N... - Pro - Pro - Lys - Lys - Lys - Arg - Lys -
Val - ...C
ER import signal sequence -ANSWER N - Met - Met - Ser - Phe - Val - Ser - Leu - Leu -
Leu - Val - Gly - Ile - Leu - Phe - Trp - Ala - Thr -Glu - Ala - Glu - Gln - Leu - Thr - Lys -
Cys - Glu -Val - Phe - Gln - ... C
Where does the synthesis of proteins begin? -ANSWER On free ribosomes located in
the cytoplasm
What decides whether the ribosome stays free or becomes attached to the ER? -
ANSWER The protein being synthesized
Post-translational transport -ANSWER When the protein is completely synthesized on
free ribosomes, and is transported to its eventual destination after complete synthesis
Co-translational transport -ANSWER Ribosomes are attached to the ER, proteins are
transported into the ER while they are still being synthesized and then are transported
to their final destination
Nuclear pore complex -ANSWER Serves as a gate to control passage through the
nuclear envelope
Proteins needed in the nucleus... -ANSWER Are made in the cytoplasm and imported
into the nucleus, along with nucleotides for building DNA and RNA
mRNA is exported through... -ANSWER Nuclear pores
The process of translocation through nuclear pores -ANSWER 1. Post-translational
2. Protein is folded
, 3. Nuclear import receptor recognizes nuclear localization signal
4. Cytosilic fibrils interact with nuclear import receptors
5. Energy is required
How are proteins transported into mitochondria and chloroplasts? -ANSWER 1. Post-
translationally
2. They're kept unfolded by chaperones
3. Signal sequence binds to receptor protein in outer membrane
4. ATP helps move the protein through the channel
5. Protein is threaded through channels and then folds
First law of thermodynamics -ANSWER Energy can be transformed from one type to
another, but cannot be created or destroyed
What is the potential energy in chemical bonds used for? -ANSWER Making reactions
occur
What determines the amount of potential energy stored in chemical bonds? -ANSWER
Electron position
Second law of thermodynamics -ANSWER Entropy is always increasing
How do physical and chemical processes proceed? -ANSWER In the direction that
results in products with lower potential energy and an increase in disorder
Cells require ______ to keep themselves ordered. -ANSWER Energy
The processes of life increase the _______ of the universe. -ANSWER Disorder
How do cells get energy? -ANSWER 1. Acquire molecules from the environment
2. Break down molecules to release energy
3. Use left over monomers as building blocks for biosynthesis
4. Metabolism
Gibbs free energy -ANSWER Energy stored that can be used to do work
How can delta G be calculated? -ANSWER Products minus reactants
Chemical reactions proceed spontaneously in the direction that causes... -ANSWER A
loss of free energy
If delta G is negative? -ANSWER 1. Spontaneous
2. Favorable
3. Exergonic
4. Increases entropy
