Module 2 Exam Intro to Biology With
Detailed Questions And Correct
Answers||Latest Exam 2026-
2027||Already Graded A+
Cell -ANSWER fundamental unit of life, diverse in shape and function
Example of what to view through a light miscroscope: -ANSWER frog egg
Example of what to view through an electron microscope: -ANSWER amino acid
Example of what you can view through an electron OR light microscope: -ANSWER
animal cell, chloroplast, plant cell
Surface are to volume ratio -ANSWER higher ratio of surface area to internal volume,
faster the exchange of materials within an environment.
Why are cells so small? -ANSWER cells rapidly exchange materials with the external
environment--needs surface area large enough to allow efficient movements of nutrients
into the cell and waste materials out
Plasma membrane -ANSWER cells outer membrane which acts as the boundary
between the inside and outside of a cell.
Plasma membrane structure: -ANSWER phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins,
outer layer- phospho heads face towards ext environment, inner layer- phospho heads
face interior of cytoplasm
fluid mosaic model -ANSWER protein embedded in membrane and have pattern within a
fluid bilayer
Glycoproteins -ANSWER short chain sugars attached to protein (helps protein perform
function ; identity of cell)
channel proteins -ANSWER allow one/few types of specific molecules to move readily
through the membrane (Ex: aquaporins- allow water to enter or exit a cell)
transport proteins -ANSWER passage of molecules and ions through the membrane-
combine with substance with input energy for help (Ex; sodium and potassium ions
across the nerve cell membrane-nerve conduction)
, cell recognition proteins -ANSWER Enable our body to distinguish between our own
cells and cells of other organisms-without it pathogens would invade
Receptor proteins -ANSWER has shape that allows signal molecule to bind to it (causes
protein to change shape and bring on a cellular response)
Enzymatic proteins -ANSWER participate in metabolic reactions
Junction proteins -ANSWER assist cells in cell adhesion and communication
3 characteristics of cells: -ANSWER plasma membrane, cytoplasm, dna
prokaryotic cell -ANSWER lack membrane bound nucleus, dna is located in the nucleoid
(bacteria-first cells on earth)
eukaryotic cells -ANSWER has nucleus that houses their dna
Bacterial structure -ANSWER Cytoplasm surrounded by plasma membrane and cell wall,
capsule, enzymes, nucleoid, ribosomes, flagella
Organelles -ANSWER compartments of a eukaryotic cell-carry out specialized functions
that together allow the cell to be more efficient and successful
Which two organelles are responsible for generating the majority of energy needed to
perform cellular processes? -ANSWER mitochondra and chloroplast
Vesicles -ANSWER membranous sacs that enclose molecules and keep them separate
from cytoplasm-move around the cytoskeleton which maintains cell shape and assists
with cell movement
Nucleus -ANSWER stores genetic information
Ribosomes -ANSWER use genetic information to manufacture proteins needed for
cellular structure and metabolic activities.
chromosomes -ANSWER condensed, coiled chromatin with rod like structures
DNA -ANSWER organized into genes and has a specific sequence of nucleotides
Where is ribosomal RNA produced? -ANSWER nucleolus
Nuclear pore -ANSWER located in the nuclear envelope that allows nucleus to
communicate with the cytoplasm
Detailed Questions And Correct
Answers||Latest Exam 2026-
2027||Already Graded A+
Cell -ANSWER fundamental unit of life, diverse in shape and function
Example of what to view through a light miscroscope: -ANSWER frog egg
Example of what to view through an electron microscope: -ANSWER amino acid
Example of what you can view through an electron OR light microscope: -ANSWER
animal cell, chloroplast, plant cell
Surface are to volume ratio -ANSWER higher ratio of surface area to internal volume,
faster the exchange of materials within an environment.
Why are cells so small? -ANSWER cells rapidly exchange materials with the external
environment--needs surface area large enough to allow efficient movements of nutrients
into the cell and waste materials out
Plasma membrane -ANSWER cells outer membrane which acts as the boundary
between the inside and outside of a cell.
Plasma membrane structure: -ANSWER phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins,
outer layer- phospho heads face towards ext environment, inner layer- phospho heads
face interior of cytoplasm
fluid mosaic model -ANSWER protein embedded in membrane and have pattern within a
fluid bilayer
Glycoproteins -ANSWER short chain sugars attached to protein (helps protein perform
function ; identity of cell)
channel proteins -ANSWER allow one/few types of specific molecules to move readily
through the membrane (Ex: aquaporins- allow water to enter or exit a cell)
transport proteins -ANSWER passage of molecules and ions through the membrane-
combine with substance with input energy for help (Ex; sodium and potassium ions
across the nerve cell membrane-nerve conduction)
, cell recognition proteins -ANSWER Enable our body to distinguish between our own
cells and cells of other organisms-without it pathogens would invade
Receptor proteins -ANSWER has shape that allows signal molecule to bind to it (causes
protein to change shape and bring on a cellular response)
Enzymatic proteins -ANSWER participate in metabolic reactions
Junction proteins -ANSWER assist cells in cell adhesion and communication
3 characteristics of cells: -ANSWER plasma membrane, cytoplasm, dna
prokaryotic cell -ANSWER lack membrane bound nucleus, dna is located in the nucleoid
(bacteria-first cells on earth)
eukaryotic cells -ANSWER has nucleus that houses their dna
Bacterial structure -ANSWER Cytoplasm surrounded by plasma membrane and cell wall,
capsule, enzymes, nucleoid, ribosomes, flagella
Organelles -ANSWER compartments of a eukaryotic cell-carry out specialized functions
that together allow the cell to be more efficient and successful
Which two organelles are responsible for generating the majority of energy needed to
perform cellular processes? -ANSWER mitochondra and chloroplast
Vesicles -ANSWER membranous sacs that enclose molecules and keep them separate
from cytoplasm-move around the cytoskeleton which maintains cell shape and assists
with cell movement
Nucleus -ANSWER stores genetic information
Ribosomes -ANSWER use genetic information to manufacture proteins needed for
cellular structure and metabolic activities.
chromosomes -ANSWER condensed, coiled chromatin with rod like structures
DNA -ANSWER organized into genes and has a specific sequence of nucleotides
Where is ribosomal RNA produced? -ANSWER nucleolus
Nuclear pore -ANSWER located in the nuclear envelope that allows nucleus to
communicate with the cytoplasm
