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Pathophysiology HESI Practice
Questions and Correct Answers/ Latest
Update / Already Graded
A nurse is caring for a client with syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). The nurse should monitor the
client closely for
a. Loss of thirst, weight gain
b. Dependent edema, fever
c. Polydipsia, polyuria
d. Hypernatremia, tachypnea
Ans: a
SIADH is caused by the excessive release of an antidiuretic hormonr
(ADH). As a result of the excess ADH, the client retains water creating a
dilutional hyponatremia. SIADH causes hyponatremia, not D.
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A client with a markedly distended bladder is diagnosed with
hydronephrosis and left hydroureter after an IV pyelogram. The nurse
catheterizes the client and obtains a residual urine volume of 1650
ml. This finding supports which pathophysiological cause of the
client's urinary tract obstruction?
a. Obstruction at the urinary bladder neck.
b. Ureteral calculi obstruction.
c. Ureteropelvic junction stricture.
d. Partial post-renal obstruction due to ureteral stricture.
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Ans: a
Hydroureter (dilation of the renal pelvis), vesicoureteral reflux (backward
movement of urine from the lower to upper urinary tracts), and
hydronephrosis (dilation or enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces)
result from post-renal obstruction which can consequently result in chronic
pyelonephritis and renal atrophy. Ascending urinary reflux occurs when
normal ureteral peristaltic pressure is met with an increase in urinary
pressure occurring during bladder filling if the urinary bladder neck is
obstructed (A). A large residual urine does not occur with (B, C, and D)
because the urine can not get to the bladder.
Physical examination of a comatose client reveals decorticate
posturing. Which statement is accurate regarding this client's status
based upon this finding?
a. A cerebral infectious process is causing the posturing.
b. Severe dysfunction of the cerebral cortex has occurred.
Pathophysiology HESI Practice
Questions and Correct Answers/ Latest
Update / Already Graded
A nurse is caring for a client with syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). The nurse should monitor the
client closely for
a. Loss of thirst, weight gain
b. Dependent edema, fever
c. Polydipsia, polyuria
d. Hypernatremia, tachypnea
Ans: a
SIADH is caused by the excessive release of an antidiuretic hormonr
(ADH). As a result of the excess ADH, the client retains water creating a
dilutional hyponatremia. SIADH causes hyponatremia, not D.
,2|Page
A client with a markedly distended bladder is diagnosed with
hydronephrosis and left hydroureter after an IV pyelogram. The nurse
catheterizes the client and obtains a residual urine volume of 1650
ml. This finding supports which pathophysiological cause of the
client's urinary tract obstruction?
a. Obstruction at the urinary bladder neck.
b. Ureteral calculi obstruction.
c. Ureteropelvic junction stricture.
d. Partial post-renal obstruction due to ureteral stricture.
, 3|Page
Ans: a
Hydroureter (dilation of the renal pelvis), vesicoureteral reflux (backward
movement of urine from the lower to upper urinary tracts), and
hydronephrosis (dilation or enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces)
result from post-renal obstruction which can consequently result in chronic
pyelonephritis and renal atrophy. Ascending urinary reflux occurs when
normal ureteral peristaltic pressure is met with an increase in urinary
pressure occurring during bladder filling if the urinary bladder neck is
obstructed (A). A large residual urine does not occur with (B, C, and D)
because the urine can not get to the bladder.
Physical examination of a comatose client reveals decorticate
posturing. Which statement is accurate regarding this client's status
based upon this finding?
a. A cerebral infectious process is causing the posturing.
b. Severe dysfunction of the cerebral cortex has occurred.
