UIUC MCB 150 EXAM 1 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT
Cell Theory - (ANSWER)all organisms are made of cells, all existing cells are produced by other living
cells, the cell is the most basic unit of life
Prokaryotes - (ANSWER)Cells that do not contain nuclei, bacteria and archaea
-singular circular chromosome
-no membrane bound organelles
-nucleolus
Archaea - (ANSWER)Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain
peptidoglycan
-live in harsh environments
Eukaryotes - (ANSWER)Cells that contain nuclei
-multiple linear chromosomes in the nucleus
-extensive cytoskeleton
Central Dogma - (ANSWER)DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein
Bacteria - (ANSWER)Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan
Covalent bond - (ANSWER)A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a
molecule
Polar: uneven sharing
Nonpolar: even sharing
,UIUC MCB 150 EXAM 1 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT
Ionic bonds - (ANSWER)Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Macromolecules - (ANSWER)any large molecules made up of smaller molecules (monomers) joined
together into a polymer
Condensation reactions - (ANSWER)a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to
produce water or another simple molecule
Hydrolysis - (ANSWER)Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
Nucleoid - (ANSWER)A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
Plasmids - (ANSWER)small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial
chromosome
Ribosomes - (ANSWER)site of protein synthesis
Cytoskeleton - (ANSWER)A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape,
and aids in movement
-Prokaryotes have less extensive cytoskeleton
Cell wall - (ANSWER)a fibrous layer found outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria and archaea
and eukaryotes
flagellum - (ANSWER)A long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move.
fimbria - (ANSWER)A short, hairlike appendage of a prokaryotic cell that helps it adhere to the substrate
or to other cells.
, UIUC MCB 150 EXAM 1 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT
Archaea are more closely related to _____ than _____. - (ANSWER)Eukaryotes, bacterial
Nucleus - (ANSWER)-contains chromosomes
-double membraned
-contains sites where the RNA are processed into their functional form
nuclear envelope - (ANSWER)Double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials
in and out of the nucleus.
Nucleoulus - (ANSWER)the area in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are produced
Endoplasmic Reticulum - (ANSWER)A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that
assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - (ANSWER)-Dotted with ribosomes
-Involved in synthesizing plasma membrane proteins, secreted proteins, and proteins located in the ER,
Golgi Apparatus, and lysosomes
-Proteins move into the interior, "lumen", undergo folding and other types of processing
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - (ANSWER)-lacks ribosomes
-Involved in synthesizing lipids and removing toxic molecules
-Contains enzymes that catalyze reactions involving lipids
-functions as a reservoir for calcium ions
Golgi apparatus - (ANSWER)-A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by
the cell
-Cis: closest to nucleus, receives
Cell Theory - (ANSWER)all organisms are made of cells, all existing cells are produced by other living
cells, the cell is the most basic unit of life
Prokaryotes - (ANSWER)Cells that do not contain nuclei, bacteria and archaea
-singular circular chromosome
-no membrane bound organelles
-nucleolus
Archaea - (ANSWER)Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain
peptidoglycan
-live in harsh environments
Eukaryotes - (ANSWER)Cells that contain nuclei
-multiple linear chromosomes in the nucleus
-extensive cytoskeleton
Central Dogma - (ANSWER)DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein
Bacteria - (ANSWER)Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan
Covalent bond - (ANSWER)A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a
molecule
Polar: uneven sharing
Nonpolar: even sharing
,UIUC MCB 150 EXAM 1 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT
Ionic bonds - (ANSWER)Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Macromolecules - (ANSWER)any large molecules made up of smaller molecules (monomers) joined
together into a polymer
Condensation reactions - (ANSWER)a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to
produce water or another simple molecule
Hydrolysis - (ANSWER)Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
Nucleoid - (ANSWER)A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
Plasmids - (ANSWER)small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial
chromosome
Ribosomes - (ANSWER)site of protein synthesis
Cytoskeleton - (ANSWER)A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape,
and aids in movement
-Prokaryotes have less extensive cytoskeleton
Cell wall - (ANSWER)a fibrous layer found outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria and archaea
and eukaryotes
flagellum - (ANSWER)A long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move.
fimbria - (ANSWER)A short, hairlike appendage of a prokaryotic cell that helps it adhere to the substrate
or to other cells.
, UIUC MCB 150 EXAM 1 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT
Archaea are more closely related to _____ than _____. - (ANSWER)Eukaryotes, bacterial
Nucleus - (ANSWER)-contains chromosomes
-double membraned
-contains sites where the RNA are processed into their functional form
nuclear envelope - (ANSWER)Double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials
in and out of the nucleus.
Nucleoulus - (ANSWER)the area in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are produced
Endoplasmic Reticulum - (ANSWER)A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that
assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - (ANSWER)-Dotted with ribosomes
-Involved in synthesizing plasma membrane proteins, secreted proteins, and proteins located in the ER,
Golgi Apparatus, and lysosomes
-Proteins move into the interior, "lumen", undergo folding and other types of processing
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - (ANSWER)-lacks ribosomes
-Involved in synthesizing lipids and removing toxic molecules
-Contains enzymes that catalyze reactions involving lipids
-functions as a reservoir for calcium ions
Golgi apparatus - (ANSWER)-A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by
the cell
-Cis: closest to nucleus, receives
