LECOM-SH OPP 1002: SPRING 2023,
EXAM 1QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(SCORED A+)
LECTURE 1: Intro to OPP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - ANSWER
What are the 7 Osteopathic Core Competencies? - ANSWER1. Osteopathic
Philosophy and Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM)
2. Medical Knowledge
3. Patient Care
4. Interpersonal and Communication Skills
5. Professionalism
6. Practice-Based Learning and Improvement
7. Systems-Based Practice
Strong start with a quote!
Who said, "a knowledge of anatomy is only a dead weight if we do not know how to
apply that knowledge w/ successful skill." - ANSWERyou guessed it!!! (or not) -->
A.T. Still
This matters!!!
Who said, "I hear and I forget, I see and I remember, I do and I understand." -
ANSWERConfucius
LECTURE 2: D.S. --> Clinical Aspects of the Cervical Region!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! -
ANSWER
Example Case:
A 25-year-old 1st year LECOM medical student presents with a chief complaint of
neck pain and occipital headaches. The student sits in lecture 8 hours/day and
studies 6 hours per night and gets very little exercise. Physical examination reveals
posterior neck muscles are tight and spastic. Palpation of the cervical spine reveals
OA ERRSL, AA RL, C4-6 FRRSR with TART. - ANSWERHVLA: OA needs to be
rotated left sidebent right (translating left); HVLA: AA needs to be RR; HVLA: C4-6
needs to be Rotated left sidebent right (translated left)
Oh lord... there's a quote...
"In all continued or periodic headaches, I have found the shut-off in the bones of the
neck at their union with the head and in the other joints as far down as the fourth
dorsal and even as far as the lumbar, sacrum and coccyx." - ANSWERA.T. Still, our
lord and saavior
What are some Clinical Problems/somatic dysfunctions of the back? - ANSWER•
Neck Pain
--> Without radiculopathy
,--> With radiculopathy
• Headaches
--> Muscle tension
--> Migraine
• Intervertebral disc problems*
• Osteoarthritis
• Myofascial pain syndrome
• Viscerosomatic Dysfunction
• Thoracic inlet
--> Lymphatic drainage
• Trauma*
What is the Problem of Pain-treatment options? - ANSWER• Often not treated
effectively and adequately
• Not specifically diagnosed as to cause*
• Models of pain are incomplete*
What is a vertebral unit? - ANSWER•Two adjacent vertebrae w/ their associated
intervertebral disk, arthrodial, ligamentous, muscular, vascular, lymphatic and neural
elements
What is segmental Motion? - ANSWER•Movement w/in a vertebral unit described by
displacement of a point at the anterior-superior aspect of the superior vertebral body
w/ respect to the segment below.
Understand the ligaments of the neck (anatomy whoop), Ex:
- Transverse ligament of atlas
- Nuchal ligament
- Ligamenta flava
- Interspinous ligament
- Supraspinous ligament
- ALA
- PLL - ANSWERLook up a pic to orient yourself with ligaments in the neck and what
they are trying to prevent: i.e. flexion, extension, rotation, etc
OA Biomechanics:
primary function? - ANSWER- 50% of C-spine F/E motion (nodding)
- rotation/sidebending are opposite (usually)
- OA F Rr Sl
AA Biomechanics:
Primary function? - ANSWER- 50% of C-spine rotational motion
- AA Rr or AARl
What innervates the Cranial Dura (supratentorial portion+tent)? -
ANSWERTrigeminal nerve (V1, V2, V3)
What innervates the Cranial Dura (posterior cranial fossa)? - ANSWER--> C1, 2, 3
--> Superior cervical ganglion
, --> Enters through the F. magnum, hypoglossal canal, and jugular foramen w/ CN
XII, X.
What innervates the spinal dura? - ANSWERrecurrent meningeal nerve of Luschka
(sinuvertebral n)
C2-7 Biomechanics: - ANSWER- 50% of C spine rotational and F/E motions
- 100% of SB neck
- Usually rotate and SB to same side
- C3 Rr Sr
Which joints are uncovertebral joint?
(there are 4) - ANSWER1) C3-4
2) C4-5
3) C5-6
4) C6-7
Know your muscle attachments on the head and neck :) cause anatomy haunts us
all - ANSWER
How heavy does your head become at these different degrees:
0?
15?
30?
45?
60? - ANSWER0: 10-12 lbs
15: 27lbs
30: 40lbs
45: 49lbs
60: 60lbs
What are the normal ROMs for the cervical spine in:
- Flexion/extension?
- Right & Left rotation?
- Right & Left lateral flexion (SB)? - ANSWERF/E = 45-90°
R/L rotation = 70-90°
SB = 30-45°
What are examples of somatic dysfunctions that can limit ROM in the neck? (3 main
things) - ANSWERMuscle imbalance:
- hypertonicity, Vagus reflexes, & Facilitation
Joint Restrictions:
- Ligaments, Disc problems Arthritis
Deformities
Surgical (fusions)
Different Spinal Disc problems: (5 main ones) - ANSWER1) Degenerative Disc
2) Bulging Disc
EXAM 1QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(SCORED A+)
LECTURE 1: Intro to OPP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - ANSWER
What are the 7 Osteopathic Core Competencies? - ANSWER1. Osteopathic
Philosophy and Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM)
2. Medical Knowledge
3. Patient Care
4. Interpersonal and Communication Skills
5. Professionalism
6. Practice-Based Learning and Improvement
7. Systems-Based Practice
Strong start with a quote!
Who said, "a knowledge of anatomy is only a dead weight if we do not know how to
apply that knowledge w/ successful skill." - ANSWERyou guessed it!!! (or not) -->
A.T. Still
This matters!!!
Who said, "I hear and I forget, I see and I remember, I do and I understand." -
ANSWERConfucius
LECTURE 2: D.S. --> Clinical Aspects of the Cervical Region!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! -
ANSWER
Example Case:
A 25-year-old 1st year LECOM medical student presents with a chief complaint of
neck pain and occipital headaches. The student sits in lecture 8 hours/day and
studies 6 hours per night and gets very little exercise. Physical examination reveals
posterior neck muscles are tight and spastic. Palpation of the cervical spine reveals
OA ERRSL, AA RL, C4-6 FRRSR with TART. - ANSWERHVLA: OA needs to be
rotated left sidebent right (translating left); HVLA: AA needs to be RR; HVLA: C4-6
needs to be Rotated left sidebent right (translated left)
Oh lord... there's a quote...
"In all continued or periodic headaches, I have found the shut-off in the bones of the
neck at their union with the head and in the other joints as far down as the fourth
dorsal and even as far as the lumbar, sacrum and coccyx." - ANSWERA.T. Still, our
lord and saavior
What are some Clinical Problems/somatic dysfunctions of the back? - ANSWER•
Neck Pain
--> Without radiculopathy
,--> With radiculopathy
• Headaches
--> Muscle tension
--> Migraine
• Intervertebral disc problems*
• Osteoarthritis
• Myofascial pain syndrome
• Viscerosomatic Dysfunction
• Thoracic inlet
--> Lymphatic drainage
• Trauma*
What is the Problem of Pain-treatment options? - ANSWER• Often not treated
effectively and adequately
• Not specifically diagnosed as to cause*
• Models of pain are incomplete*
What is a vertebral unit? - ANSWER•Two adjacent vertebrae w/ their associated
intervertebral disk, arthrodial, ligamentous, muscular, vascular, lymphatic and neural
elements
What is segmental Motion? - ANSWER•Movement w/in a vertebral unit described by
displacement of a point at the anterior-superior aspect of the superior vertebral body
w/ respect to the segment below.
Understand the ligaments of the neck (anatomy whoop), Ex:
- Transverse ligament of atlas
- Nuchal ligament
- Ligamenta flava
- Interspinous ligament
- Supraspinous ligament
- ALA
- PLL - ANSWERLook up a pic to orient yourself with ligaments in the neck and what
they are trying to prevent: i.e. flexion, extension, rotation, etc
OA Biomechanics:
primary function? - ANSWER- 50% of C-spine F/E motion (nodding)
- rotation/sidebending are opposite (usually)
- OA F Rr Sl
AA Biomechanics:
Primary function? - ANSWER- 50% of C-spine rotational motion
- AA Rr or AARl
What innervates the Cranial Dura (supratentorial portion+tent)? -
ANSWERTrigeminal nerve (V1, V2, V3)
What innervates the Cranial Dura (posterior cranial fossa)? - ANSWER--> C1, 2, 3
--> Superior cervical ganglion
, --> Enters through the F. magnum, hypoglossal canal, and jugular foramen w/ CN
XII, X.
What innervates the spinal dura? - ANSWERrecurrent meningeal nerve of Luschka
(sinuvertebral n)
C2-7 Biomechanics: - ANSWER- 50% of C spine rotational and F/E motions
- 100% of SB neck
- Usually rotate and SB to same side
- C3 Rr Sr
Which joints are uncovertebral joint?
(there are 4) - ANSWER1) C3-4
2) C4-5
3) C5-6
4) C6-7
Know your muscle attachments on the head and neck :) cause anatomy haunts us
all - ANSWER
How heavy does your head become at these different degrees:
0?
15?
30?
45?
60? - ANSWER0: 10-12 lbs
15: 27lbs
30: 40lbs
45: 49lbs
60: 60lbs
What are the normal ROMs for the cervical spine in:
- Flexion/extension?
- Right & Left rotation?
- Right & Left lateral flexion (SB)? - ANSWERF/E = 45-90°
R/L rotation = 70-90°
SB = 30-45°
What are examples of somatic dysfunctions that can limit ROM in the neck? (3 main
things) - ANSWERMuscle imbalance:
- hypertonicity, Vagus reflexes, & Facilitation
Joint Restrictions:
- Ligaments, Disc problems Arthritis
Deformities
Surgical (fusions)
Different Spinal Disc problems: (5 main ones) - ANSWER1) Degenerative Disc
2) Bulging Disc
