LECOM-SH OPP EXAM 2
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(RATED
A+)
LECTURE 12!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - ANSWER
Who said, "dare to be different. So many would rather be orthodox than right." -
ANSWERHarrison H. Fryette
Embryology derivatives: Notochord, Ectoderm, versus Mesoderm -
ANSWERNotochord -- Surface , Neural, and Neural Crest
Mesoderm -- Paraxial, intermediate, and Lateral
Endoderm -- Epithelium
Landmarks of Static symmetry? - ANSWER- Mastoids
- Shoulder
- inferior angle of scapula
- Iliac crest
- PSIS
- Greater trochanter
What is the curvature of the spine at birth? - ANSWERkyphosis (primary curve)
--- includes cervical, thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral region
What is the curvature of the spine at the Neonatal perior? - ANSWERLordosis of
cervical spine (secondary curve)
--- head control and cervical extensor muscles develop
What is the curvature of the spine at the toddler period? - ANSWERLumbar Lordosis
(more secondary curve)
--- standing & walking, back muscles develop
What is the curvature of the spine at the Juvenile period? - ANSWERLumbar
lordosis increases
--- Thoracic kyphosis decreases
Normal Sagittal Curves for: (convex ant./pos.)
1) Cervical Lordosis
2) Thoracic Kyphosis
3) Lumbar Lordosis
4) Sacral region - ANSWER1) Convex anterior
2) Convex Posterior
3) Convex anterior
4) Convex posterior
,Is the Primary curve concave posterior or anterior? - ANSWERConcave Anterior
Is the secondary curve concave posterior or anteiror? - ANSWERConcave Posterior
What points would a plumb line pass through on a sagittal plane? (8 points from sup.
--> to inf.) - ANSWER1) Slightly pos. to apex of coronal suture
2) Through the ext. auditory meatus
3) Through the bodies of most of the cervical vertebrae
4) Through the shoulder joint
5) Through the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae
6) Slightly pos. to the axis of the hip joint
7) Slightly ant. to the axis of the knee joint
8) Slightly ant. to the lateral malleolus
What components are on the Posterior side of the Mid-Gravity Line? (4) -
ANSWER1) Inion
2) Spinous process of the sacral, lumbar, thoracic, ad cervical vertebrae
3) Gluteal crease
4) Mid-heal point
What components are on the Anterior side of the Mid-Gravity Line? (8) - ANSWER1)
Mid-heal point
2) Pubic symphysis
3) Umbilicus
4) Xiphoid process
5) Mid-sternum
6) Episternal notch
7) Symphysis menti
8) Glabella
What components are on the Lateral side of the Mid-Gravity Line? (8) - ANSWER1)
Lateral malleolus
2) Patella
3) Greater trochanter of the femur
4) Sacral promontory
5) Mid-body of L3
6) Greater tuberosity of the humerus
7) Odontoid process of C2
8) External auditory meatus
What is a kypholordotic curve? - ANSWERexaggerated outward curve of the thoracic
vertebrae; results in compensation of a lordosis curve in the lumbar and cervical
region
What is a lordotic curve? - ANSWERexaggerated inward curve in the lumbar region;
compensation in the thoracic region
What is the military curve? - ANSWERanterior tilt of pelvis (pulls head back)
, What is the swayback curve? - ANSWERposterior tilt of pelvis; results in more
kyphosis in lumbar spine, and lordosis in cervical spine (pushes head forward)
What is the flat back curve? - ANSWERno curvature to thoracic or lumbar vertebrae,
cervical spine are more lordotic (head tilts down)
What is a transition zone? - ANSWERWhere curves reverse are commonly
susceptible to somatic dysfunction
What are the 4 locations of transition zones? - ANSWER1) occipito-cervical
2) Cervico-thoracic
3) thoraco-lumbar
4) lumbo-sacro
What 3 changes indicated a transition zone? - ANSWER1) Bony changes to the
vertebrae
2) Changes in the sagittal plane
3) Muscular & fascial changes
What are the 4 ranges of motion of the spine? (R.E.F.S.) - ANSWER1) Rotation
2) Extension
3) Flexion
4) Sidebending = lateral flexion
Which region of the spine has the greatest ROM and is most vulnerable to injury? -
ANSWERCervical spine
Which region of the spine has the least ROM and the greatest protection? -
ANSWERThoracic Spine
Which region of the spine is balanced in b/w ROM and Protection? -
ANSWERLumbar Spine
What year was Kirksville' Nervous system made? and how long did it take? -
ANSWERFall of 1925 and 1500 hours
5 parts of the spine? - ANSWERcervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
What basic structures limit motion in the spine? - ANSWER1) Ligaments
2) Muscular attachments
3) Intervertebral discs
4) Facets
What ligament prevents hyperextension? - ANSWERanterior longitudinal ligament
(ALL)
What ligament prevents hyperflexion? - ANSWERposterior longitudinal ligament
(PLL)
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(RATED
A+)
LECTURE 12!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - ANSWER
Who said, "dare to be different. So many would rather be orthodox than right." -
ANSWERHarrison H. Fryette
Embryology derivatives: Notochord, Ectoderm, versus Mesoderm -
ANSWERNotochord -- Surface , Neural, and Neural Crest
Mesoderm -- Paraxial, intermediate, and Lateral
Endoderm -- Epithelium
Landmarks of Static symmetry? - ANSWER- Mastoids
- Shoulder
- inferior angle of scapula
- Iliac crest
- PSIS
- Greater trochanter
What is the curvature of the spine at birth? - ANSWERkyphosis (primary curve)
--- includes cervical, thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral region
What is the curvature of the spine at the Neonatal perior? - ANSWERLordosis of
cervical spine (secondary curve)
--- head control and cervical extensor muscles develop
What is the curvature of the spine at the toddler period? - ANSWERLumbar Lordosis
(more secondary curve)
--- standing & walking, back muscles develop
What is the curvature of the spine at the Juvenile period? - ANSWERLumbar
lordosis increases
--- Thoracic kyphosis decreases
Normal Sagittal Curves for: (convex ant./pos.)
1) Cervical Lordosis
2) Thoracic Kyphosis
3) Lumbar Lordosis
4) Sacral region - ANSWER1) Convex anterior
2) Convex Posterior
3) Convex anterior
4) Convex posterior
,Is the Primary curve concave posterior or anterior? - ANSWERConcave Anterior
Is the secondary curve concave posterior or anteiror? - ANSWERConcave Posterior
What points would a plumb line pass through on a sagittal plane? (8 points from sup.
--> to inf.) - ANSWER1) Slightly pos. to apex of coronal suture
2) Through the ext. auditory meatus
3) Through the bodies of most of the cervical vertebrae
4) Through the shoulder joint
5) Through the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae
6) Slightly pos. to the axis of the hip joint
7) Slightly ant. to the axis of the knee joint
8) Slightly ant. to the lateral malleolus
What components are on the Posterior side of the Mid-Gravity Line? (4) -
ANSWER1) Inion
2) Spinous process of the sacral, lumbar, thoracic, ad cervical vertebrae
3) Gluteal crease
4) Mid-heal point
What components are on the Anterior side of the Mid-Gravity Line? (8) - ANSWER1)
Mid-heal point
2) Pubic symphysis
3) Umbilicus
4) Xiphoid process
5) Mid-sternum
6) Episternal notch
7) Symphysis menti
8) Glabella
What components are on the Lateral side of the Mid-Gravity Line? (8) - ANSWER1)
Lateral malleolus
2) Patella
3) Greater trochanter of the femur
4) Sacral promontory
5) Mid-body of L3
6) Greater tuberosity of the humerus
7) Odontoid process of C2
8) External auditory meatus
What is a kypholordotic curve? - ANSWERexaggerated outward curve of the thoracic
vertebrae; results in compensation of a lordosis curve in the lumbar and cervical
region
What is a lordotic curve? - ANSWERexaggerated inward curve in the lumbar region;
compensation in the thoracic region
What is the military curve? - ANSWERanterior tilt of pelvis (pulls head back)
, What is the swayback curve? - ANSWERposterior tilt of pelvis; results in more
kyphosis in lumbar spine, and lordosis in cervical spine (pushes head forward)
What is the flat back curve? - ANSWERno curvature to thoracic or lumbar vertebrae,
cervical spine are more lordotic (head tilts down)
What is a transition zone? - ANSWERWhere curves reverse are commonly
susceptible to somatic dysfunction
What are the 4 locations of transition zones? - ANSWER1) occipito-cervical
2) Cervico-thoracic
3) thoraco-lumbar
4) lumbo-sacro
What 3 changes indicated a transition zone? - ANSWER1) Bony changes to the
vertebrae
2) Changes in the sagittal plane
3) Muscular & fascial changes
What are the 4 ranges of motion of the spine? (R.E.F.S.) - ANSWER1) Rotation
2) Extension
3) Flexion
4) Sidebending = lateral flexion
Which region of the spine has the greatest ROM and is most vulnerable to injury? -
ANSWERCervical spine
Which region of the spine has the least ROM and the greatest protection? -
ANSWERThoracic Spine
Which region of the spine is balanced in b/w ROM and Protection? -
ANSWERLumbar Spine
What year was Kirksville' Nervous system made? and how long did it take? -
ANSWERFall of 1925 and 1500 hours
5 parts of the spine? - ANSWERcervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
What basic structures limit motion in the spine? - ANSWER1) Ligaments
2) Muscular attachments
3) Intervertebral discs
4) Facets
What ligament prevents hyperextension? - ANSWERanterior longitudinal ligament
(ALL)
What ligament prevents hyperflexion? - ANSWERposterior longitudinal ligament
(PLL)
