MMSC407 Exam 3 Questions And
Answers
/. Lipids are ______ - Answer-✅organic molecules insoluble in water
/.Are lipids true polymers? - Answer-✅NO
/.Energy content of fat is ______ than energy content of carbs and proteins - Answer-
✅higher
/.steroid hormones - Answer-✅cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone
/.eicosanoids - Answer-✅prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes
/.Lipid imbalance can lead to _______ - Answer-✅atherosclerosis, obesity,
NAFLD, gallstones, cholelithiasis
/.Simple lipids - Answer-✅esters of fatty acids with alcohols
fats and waxes
/.Fatty acid = - Answer-✅chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms with carboxyl group at
alpha end and methyl group at omega end
/.esterification vs hydrolysis of TAG - Answer-✅Processes that describe synthesis of
triglycerides from fatty acids and glycerol is esterification
Processes that describe breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol is
hydrolysis
/.Common additional groups - Answer-✅Phosphate→ phospholipids
Carbohydrate→ glycolipids
Protein→ lipoproteins
/.Phospholipids key components - Answer-✅glycerol + fatty acids + phosphate group +
alcohol
/.Glycolipids key components - Answer-✅carbohydrate + lipid
, /.lipoproteins key components - Answer-✅proteins + lipids
/.sphingolipids key components - Answer-✅sphingosine + fatty acid
/.derived proteins - Answer-✅Obtained from simple and compound lipids through
hydrolysis or enzymatic reactions
/.Sterols - Answer-✅cholesterols
/.fat soluble vitamins - Answer-✅A D E K
/.Classification based on size - Answer-✅short chain--> 6 or less C atoms
medium chain--> 8-14 C atoms
long chain--> over 14 V atoms
/.classification based on presence of double bond - Answer-✅saturated = no double
bond, every C has max number of H atoms
unsaturated = fatty acids containing double bonds
Monounsaturated→ single and multiple sites of unsaturation are termed
Polyunsaturated→ fatty acid with multiple sites of unsaturation
Multiple double bonds
/.all naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids are_______ - Answer-✅cis-isomers
/.trans fatty acids ____ plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels - Answer-✅raise
/.three major types of omega-3 fatty acids ingested - Answer-✅ALA
EPA
DHA
body converts ALA to EPA and DHA
/.Omega-6 fatty acid - Answer-✅Linleic acid converted to gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) in
body
GLA then further converted to arachidonic acid
/.esterified fatty acids - Answer-✅chemically bonded with alcohols
/.unesterified fatty acids - Answer-✅FFAs circulate in blood, bound to albumin, serve as
rapid energy source
Answers
/. Lipids are ______ - Answer-✅organic molecules insoluble in water
/.Are lipids true polymers? - Answer-✅NO
/.Energy content of fat is ______ than energy content of carbs and proteins - Answer-
✅higher
/.steroid hormones - Answer-✅cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone
/.eicosanoids - Answer-✅prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes
/.Lipid imbalance can lead to _______ - Answer-✅atherosclerosis, obesity,
NAFLD, gallstones, cholelithiasis
/.Simple lipids - Answer-✅esters of fatty acids with alcohols
fats and waxes
/.Fatty acid = - Answer-✅chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms with carboxyl group at
alpha end and methyl group at omega end
/.esterification vs hydrolysis of TAG - Answer-✅Processes that describe synthesis of
triglycerides from fatty acids and glycerol is esterification
Processes that describe breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol is
hydrolysis
/.Common additional groups - Answer-✅Phosphate→ phospholipids
Carbohydrate→ glycolipids
Protein→ lipoproteins
/.Phospholipids key components - Answer-✅glycerol + fatty acids + phosphate group +
alcohol
/.Glycolipids key components - Answer-✅carbohydrate + lipid
, /.lipoproteins key components - Answer-✅proteins + lipids
/.sphingolipids key components - Answer-✅sphingosine + fatty acid
/.derived proteins - Answer-✅Obtained from simple and compound lipids through
hydrolysis or enzymatic reactions
/.Sterols - Answer-✅cholesterols
/.fat soluble vitamins - Answer-✅A D E K
/.Classification based on size - Answer-✅short chain--> 6 or less C atoms
medium chain--> 8-14 C atoms
long chain--> over 14 V atoms
/.classification based on presence of double bond - Answer-✅saturated = no double
bond, every C has max number of H atoms
unsaturated = fatty acids containing double bonds
Monounsaturated→ single and multiple sites of unsaturation are termed
Polyunsaturated→ fatty acid with multiple sites of unsaturation
Multiple double bonds
/.all naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids are_______ - Answer-✅cis-isomers
/.trans fatty acids ____ plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels - Answer-✅raise
/.three major types of omega-3 fatty acids ingested - Answer-✅ALA
EPA
DHA
body converts ALA to EPA and DHA
/.Omega-6 fatty acid - Answer-✅Linleic acid converted to gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) in
body
GLA then further converted to arachidonic acid
/.esterified fatty acids - Answer-✅chemically bonded with alcohols
/.unesterified fatty acids - Answer-✅FFAs circulate in blood, bound to albumin, serve as
rapid energy source
