LEHNE'S PHARMACOLOGY
(PHARM QUIZ 2 AND ITS
REVIEWED ANSWERS)
Define pharmacodynamics?
The study of what drugs do to the body and how they do it.
The study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of
drugs and the molecular mechanisms by which those
effects are produced
Define dose-response relationship?
The relationship between the size of an administered dose
and the intensity of the response produced.
For most drugs, the dose-response relationship is
________. That is, the response gets more ________
with ________ dosage.
-graded
-intense
-increasing
To accomplish the therapeutic objective, nurses must
have a basic understanding of pharmacodynamics to
do what?
- Educate patients about their medications
- Make PRN decisions
- Evaluate patients for drug responses (both beneficial and
harmful)
- Collaborate with prescribers regarding drug therapy
Define maximal efficacy.
,The largest effect a drug can produce.
What does the dose-response relationship determine?
- The minimum amount of drug to be used
- The maximum response a drug can elicit
- How much to increase the dosage to produce the desired
increase in response.
Although efficacy is important, there are situations in
which a drug with relatively ____ efficacy is preferable
to a drug with very ______ efficacy.
Can you give an example?
- low
- high
Certain diuretics (e.g., furosemide) have such high
maximal efficacy that they can cause dehydration. If we
only want to mobilize a modest amount of water, a diuretic
with lower maximal efficacy (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide)
would be preferred.
If a patient has a mild headache, we would not select a
powerful analgesic (e.g., morphine) for relief. Rather, we
would select an analgesic with lower maximal efficacy,
such as aspirin.
Define potency
The amount of drug we must give to elicit an effect.
What is a potent drug?
A drug that produces its effects at low doses. As a rule,
potency is not important
Potency and efficacy are ________ _________.
, independent qualities.
Drug A can be more effective than drug B even though
drug B may be more potent. Also, drugs A and B can be
equally effective., although one may be more potent than
the other.
Define receptor.
Any functional macromolecule in a cell to which a drug
binds to produce its effects.
________ of drugs to their _______ is almost always
reversible.
- Binding
- receptors
The receptors through which drugs act are ________
________ ______ _________ for physiologic
processess.
normal points of control
Under physiologic conditions, receptor function is
regulated by
molecules supplied by the body
All that drugs can do at receptors is
mimic or block the action of the body's own regulatory
molecules
Because drug action is limited to mimicking or
blocking the body's own regulatory molecules, drugs
cannot ______ _______ _______ ________. Rather,
drugs can only ______ ______ _______ ______
__________ _________.
- give cells new functions.
- alter the rate of preexisting processes.
(PHARM QUIZ 2 AND ITS
REVIEWED ANSWERS)
Define pharmacodynamics?
The study of what drugs do to the body and how they do it.
The study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of
drugs and the molecular mechanisms by which those
effects are produced
Define dose-response relationship?
The relationship between the size of an administered dose
and the intensity of the response produced.
For most drugs, the dose-response relationship is
________. That is, the response gets more ________
with ________ dosage.
-graded
-intense
-increasing
To accomplish the therapeutic objective, nurses must
have a basic understanding of pharmacodynamics to
do what?
- Educate patients about their medications
- Make PRN decisions
- Evaluate patients for drug responses (both beneficial and
harmful)
- Collaborate with prescribers regarding drug therapy
Define maximal efficacy.
,The largest effect a drug can produce.
What does the dose-response relationship determine?
- The minimum amount of drug to be used
- The maximum response a drug can elicit
- How much to increase the dosage to produce the desired
increase in response.
Although efficacy is important, there are situations in
which a drug with relatively ____ efficacy is preferable
to a drug with very ______ efficacy.
Can you give an example?
- low
- high
Certain diuretics (e.g., furosemide) have such high
maximal efficacy that they can cause dehydration. If we
only want to mobilize a modest amount of water, a diuretic
with lower maximal efficacy (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide)
would be preferred.
If a patient has a mild headache, we would not select a
powerful analgesic (e.g., morphine) for relief. Rather, we
would select an analgesic with lower maximal efficacy,
such as aspirin.
Define potency
The amount of drug we must give to elicit an effect.
What is a potent drug?
A drug that produces its effects at low doses. As a rule,
potency is not important
Potency and efficacy are ________ _________.
, independent qualities.
Drug A can be more effective than drug B even though
drug B may be more potent. Also, drugs A and B can be
equally effective., although one may be more potent than
the other.
Define receptor.
Any functional macromolecule in a cell to which a drug
binds to produce its effects.
________ of drugs to their _______ is almost always
reversible.
- Binding
- receptors
The receptors through which drugs act are ________
________ ______ _________ for physiologic
processess.
normal points of control
Under physiologic conditions, receptor function is
regulated by
molecules supplied by the body
All that drugs can do at receptors is
mimic or block the action of the body's own regulatory
molecules
Because drug action is limited to mimicking or
blocking the body's own regulatory molecules, drugs
cannot ______ _______ _______ ________. Rather,
drugs can only ______ ______ _______ ______
__________ _________.
- give cells new functions.
- alter the rate of preexisting processes.
