CLTM STUDY QUESTIONS EXAM (ACTUAL
EXAM) WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+ 2025 – 2026
This drug initially produces diffuse beta, followed by
generalized slowing, followed then by burst-suppression
and finally, (if titrated further) ECS:
a. Diazepam
b. Lorazepam
c. Phenobarbitol
d. Propofol
e. All of the above - ANSWERS-All of the above
OIRDA is often associated (i.e. 20-40%) with this type of
epilepsy.
a. Absence epilepsy
b. Frontal lobe epilepsy
c. Benign rolandic epilepsy
,d. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy - ANSWERS-Absence Epilepsy
When the frequency of LPDs (PLEDS) exceeds
_____________, there is significant risk of seizures.
a. 0.5 - 1 Hz
b. 1.5 - 2 Hz
c. 4 - 5 Hz
d. 5 - 7 Hz - ANSWERS-1.5 - 2 Hz
Distinctive, high amplitude, diphasic spike or sharp wave in
Midtemporal (T3, T4) and central (C3, C4) regions with
prominent slow wave with marked Sleep Activation is
associated with this type of epilepsy - ANSWERS-Benign
Rolandic Epilepsy (BRE)
An interictal chaotic, high voltage (>300 uV), asynchronous
background with intermixed multifocal spikes and sharp
waves that is associated with epileptic seizures - ANSWERS-
Hypsarrhythmia
Most likely to be related to epilepsy; FIRDA, SREDA, TIRDA -
ANSWERS-TIRDA (temporal intermittent rhythmic delta
activity) is associated with temporal lobe epilepsy.
,FIRDA (frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity) is
relatively nonspecific regarding etiology and tends to be
seen more in metabolic disorders and other diffuse
encephalopathies.
SREDA (subclinical rhythmic electrographic (Theta)
discharges in adults) is a benign varient found in adults over
50 during rest and drowsiness consisting of widespread
sharply contoured 20-80 second runs of delta/theta waves
bilaterally or lateralized, sometimes maximal
parietal/posterior/temporal.
Description of the ictal and interictal events of infantile
spasms - ANSWERS-Ictal: seizures are brief in duration and
consist of brief flexion and/or extension jerking movements.
Dominated by an electrodecremental response - a flattening
/ attenuation of the EEG (not to be misinterpreted as burst
suppression).
An interictal event (hypsarrhythmia) is seen only in this
syndrome and consists of a chaotic mixture of large
asyncronous slow waves and spikes.
One or more waves which begin abruptly, clearly stands out
from the background EEG, reach maximum amplitude
rapidly and disappear suddenly - ANSWERS-Paroxysmal
discharge. Paroxysms often consist of complexes. They may
, be normal (i.e sudden onset of drowsiness) or abnormal (i.e
epileptiform ictal or interictal patterns).
Rhythmic, sharp waveforms at 5-6 Hz, widespread and
maximal over the posterior area and can last between 10-80
seconds. A rare pattern most commonly occurs in adults
over the age of 50 in connection with HV - ANSWERS-
Subclinical rhythmic EEG discharges of adults (SREDA). like
RMTD likely to be misinterpreted as an ictal epileptiform
pattern.
Moderate to high voltage (100-300uV) blunt spike and slow
wave complexes occurring periodically or in clusters at
approximately 1.5-2.5 Hz with frontal predominance and an
anterior posterior time lag.
a. PLEDS
b. Burst-Suppression
c. SHIRDA
d. Triphasic Waves
E. FIRDA - ANSWERS-Triphasic waves
The syndrome is associated with slow spike-wave
discharges, multiple seizure types, fast beta bursts during
sleep. - ANSWERS-Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS).
EXAM) WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+ 2025 – 2026
This drug initially produces diffuse beta, followed by
generalized slowing, followed then by burst-suppression
and finally, (if titrated further) ECS:
a. Diazepam
b. Lorazepam
c. Phenobarbitol
d. Propofol
e. All of the above - ANSWERS-All of the above
OIRDA is often associated (i.e. 20-40%) with this type of
epilepsy.
a. Absence epilepsy
b. Frontal lobe epilepsy
c. Benign rolandic epilepsy
,d. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy - ANSWERS-Absence Epilepsy
When the frequency of LPDs (PLEDS) exceeds
_____________, there is significant risk of seizures.
a. 0.5 - 1 Hz
b. 1.5 - 2 Hz
c. 4 - 5 Hz
d. 5 - 7 Hz - ANSWERS-1.5 - 2 Hz
Distinctive, high amplitude, diphasic spike or sharp wave in
Midtemporal (T3, T4) and central (C3, C4) regions with
prominent slow wave with marked Sleep Activation is
associated with this type of epilepsy - ANSWERS-Benign
Rolandic Epilepsy (BRE)
An interictal chaotic, high voltage (>300 uV), asynchronous
background with intermixed multifocal spikes and sharp
waves that is associated with epileptic seizures - ANSWERS-
Hypsarrhythmia
Most likely to be related to epilepsy; FIRDA, SREDA, TIRDA -
ANSWERS-TIRDA (temporal intermittent rhythmic delta
activity) is associated with temporal lobe epilepsy.
,FIRDA (frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity) is
relatively nonspecific regarding etiology and tends to be
seen more in metabolic disorders and other diffuse
encephalopathies.
SREDA (subclinical rhythmic electrographic (Theta)
discharges in adults) is a benign varient found in adults over
50 during rest and drowsiness consisting of widespread
sharply contoured 20-80 second runs of delta/theta waves
bilaterally or lateralized, sometimes maximal
parietal/posterior/temporal.
Description of the ictal and interictal events of infantile
spasms - ANSWERS-Ictal: seizures are brief in duration and
consist of brief flexion and/or extension jerking movements.
Dominated by an electrodecremental response - a flattening
/ attenuation of the EEG (not to be misinterpreted as burst
suppression).
An interictal event (hypsarrhythmia) is seen only in this
syndrome and consists of a chaotic mixture of large
asyncronous slow waves and spikes.
One or more waves which begin abruptly, clearly stands out
from the background EEG, reach maximum amplitude
rapidly and disappear suddenly - ANSWERS-Paroxysmal
discharge. Paroxysms often consist of complexes. They may
, be normal (i.e sudden onset of drowsiness) or abnormal (i.e
epileptiform ictal or interictal patterns).
Rhythmic, sharp waveforms at 5-6 Hz, widespread and
maximal over the posterior area and can last between 10-80
seconds. A rare pattern most commonly occurs in adults
over the age of 50 in connection with HV - ANSWERS-
Subclinical rhythmic EEG discharges of adults (SREDA). like
RMTD likely to be misinterpreted as an ictal epileptiform
pattern.
Moderate to high voltage (100-300uV) blunt spike and slow
wave complexes occurring periodically or in clusters at
approximately 1.5-2.5 Hz with frontal predominance and an
anterior posterior time lag.
a. PLEDS
b. Burst-Suppression
c. SHIRDA
d. Triphasic Waves
E. FIRDA - ANSWERS-Triphasic waves
The syndrome is associated with slow spike-wave
discharges, multiple seizure types, fast beta bursts during
sleep. - ANSWERS-Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS).
