ADVANCE PHARMACOLOGY
Anti- Ischemic
, Ischemia
• Ischemia is a condition where there is reduced blood supply to a tissue, organ, or part of the b
• Ischemic heart disease refers to heart muscle weakening caused by reduced blood flow to the
heart.
• Because blood carries oxygen and nutrients, when blood flow decreases, the affected tissue ca
function properly.
• The cells are not getting enough oxygen because the blood flow is reduced.
• It usually occurs due to blockage or narrowing of blood vessels.
• Common causes:
Atherosclerosis (fat/plaque buildup in arteries)
Blood clots
Vasospasm (temporary narrowing of arteries)
Compression of blood vessels
, Type of Ischemia Organ Affected Example Condition
Myocardial ischemia Heart Angina, Heart attack
Cerebral ischemia Brain Stroke
Peripheral ischemia Limbs Peripheral artery disease
Angina Pectoris
Angina pectoris is a chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow and oxygen
supply to the heart muscle (myocardial ischemia) without causing permanent damage.
• Cause (Etiology)
Most commonly due to:
o Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
o Coronary artery spasm
o Increased oxygen demand (exercise, stress)
o Reduced oxygen supply (anemia, hypotension)
Anti- Ischemic
, Ischemia
• Ischemia is a condition where there is reduced blood supply to a tissue, organ, or part of the b
• Ischemic heart disease refers to heart muscle weakening caused by reduced blood flow to the
heart.
• Because blood carries oxygen and nutrients, when blood flow decreases, the affected tissue ca
function properly.
• The cells are not getting enough oxygen because the blood flow is reduced.
• It usually occurs due to blockage or narrowing of blood vessels.
• Common causes:
Atherosclerosis (fat/plaque buildup in arteries)
Blood clots
Vasospasm (temporary narrowing of arteries)
Compression of blood vessels
, Type of Ischemia Organ Affected Example Condition
Myocardial ischemia Heart Angina, Heart attack
Cerebral ischemia Brain Stroke
Peripheral ischemia Limbs Peripheral artery disease
Angina Pectoris
Angina pectoris is a chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow and oxygen
supply to the heart muscle (myocardial ischemia) without causing permanent damage.
• Cause (Etiology)
Most commonly due to:
o Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
o Coronary artery spasm
o Increased oxygen demand (exercise, stress)
o Reduced oxygen supply (anemia, hypotension)
