BIO-181 Exam 1 (Chapters 1-7) With All Correct & 100%
Verified Answers| Actual Complete Exam |Already
Graded A+
Discovery Science ✔Correct Answer--Scientific inquiry that focuses on describing natural structures
& processes thru observation and the analysis of data
inductive reasoning ✔Correct Answer--generalization that summarizes many concurrent
observations
Scientific Method ✔Correct Answer--Observation, Hypothesis (test it, then make prediction.. this is
deductive reasoning),
Experiment,
Analysis,
Conclusion,
Communicate Results
What is good science? ✔Correct Answer---more than one hypothesis (therefore not biased in favor
of one idea)
What makes a good experiment? ✔Correct Answer---quantifiable and reproducible data
-appropriate experimental subjects
-proper controls
-verified by others
What makes an experiment unethical? ✔Correct Answer---change data to better fit a hypothesis
(like falsifed or created data)
controlled experiment ✔Correct Answer---all environmental variables constant and included at
least two groups
-control group-> does not recieve experimental treatment, helps ensure results obtained are due to a
difference in one variable
-experimental group-> recieves the experimental treatment
What if there is no control group? ✔Correct Answer--There is no basis for knowing if a particular
result is due to the variable being tested or to some other factor
Biological Organization ✔Correct Answer--1. biosphere, 2.ecosystem, 3.community, 4.population,
5.organism,
6.organ system organ, 7.tissue,
8.cell,
9.organelle,
10.molecule
Biological Organization is a hierarchy of which structural levels ✔Correct Answer--molecule
cell
organ system
population
,ecosystem
biosphere
What determines function? ✔Correct Answer--structure
What does structure determine? ✔Correct Answer--function
Classification ✔Correct Answer--Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Properties of Life ✔Correct Answer--order, regulation, growth and development, energy
processing, response to stimuli, reproduction, adaptation
Orgin of Life ✔Correct Answer--Btwn. 4 (when Earth crust began to soldify) and 3.5 (stromatolites
appear) Billion years ago, first organisms came into being
What are all living things made of? ✔Correct Answer--matter (consists of elements)
Element ✔Correct Answer--A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
through chemical reactions
How many elements & how many essential? ✔Correct Answer--92 known elements & 25 are
essential
What are four essential elements? ✔Correct Answer--HONC
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, & Carbon
Compound ✔Correct Answer---a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined
in a fixed ratio
-characteristics are diff than those of its elements
Atom ✔Correct Answer--smallest unit of matter that still retains properties of an element
What's in the nucleus? ✔Correct Answer--protons and neutrons
Electrons ✔Correct Answer--- charge
form negative cloud and determine chemical behavior
Neutrons ✔Correct Answer--no charge
determine isotope
Protons ✔Correct Answer--+ charge
determine element
Atomic Mass/Weight ✔Correct Answer--Number of protons and neutrons
Atomic Number ✔Correct Answer--number of protons
How are electrons and protons related? ✔Correct Answer--There is a same number of both so that
atoms are neutral/stable
, octet rule ✔Correct Answer--States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a
full set of eight valence electrons
What are the chemical properties of an atom determined by? ✔Correct Answer--Determined by
the electrons in the partially filled outer most electron shell or the valence shell (more
unstable=more reactive)
Molecules are formed ✔Correct Answer--When atoms interact because of energetic tendencies as
they attempt to satisfy octet rule for outer (valence) shell
Bonds ✔Correct Answer--What keeps atoms in molecules held together
energy packed within a bond
Atom's bonding capacity ✔Correct Answer--Number of unpaired valence electrons
Covalent Bonds ✔Correct Answer--Outer shell e- of two atoms are shared to satisfy outer e- shells
of both atoms
-the strongest (form a cell's molecule)
Electronegativity ✔Correct Answer--an atom's attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond
-more electronegative, the more strongly it pulls e- to itself
nonpolar covalent bond ✔Correct Answer--the atoms share the electron equally
polar covalent bond ✔Correct Answer---one atom is more electronegative (greater affinity), and
the atoms do not share the electron equally
-causes a partial positive or negative charge
Water in terms of charges & electronegativity ✔Correct Answer---oxygen= more electronegative
therefore partially negative
-hydrogens=partially positive
ionic bond ✔Correct Answer---ion when an atom gains or loses one or more e-
- atoms either donate or recieve e-
-involve the electrical attraction btwn atoms (opposite charges are attracted)
-break down easily in water
Cation ✔Correct Answer--A positively charged ion
Anion ✔Correct Answer--A negatively charged ion
Which are weak chemical bonds? ✔Correct Answer--ionic & hydrogen
reinforce shapes of large molecules & help molecules adhere to each other
Hydrogen Bonds ✔Correct Answer---forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one
electronegative atom is also attrached to another electronegative atom
-living cells, electronegative partners usually oxygen or nitrogen atoms
Van de Waals interactions ✔Correct Answer--Weak attractions caused by momentary changes in e-
density in a molecule
-hot spots of positive or negative charge
Verified Answers| Actual Complete Exam |Already
Graded A+
Discovery Science ✔Correct Answer--Scientific inquiry that focuses on describing natural structures
& processes thru observation and the analysis of data
inductive reasoning ✔Correct Answer--generalization that summarizes many concurrent
observations
Scientific Method ✔Correct Answer--Observation, Hypothesis (test it, then make prediction.. this is
deductive reasoning),
Experiment,
Analysis,
Conclusion,
Communicate Results
What is good science? ✔Correct Answer---more than one hypothesis (therefore not biased in favor
of one idea)
What makes a good experiment? ✔Correct Answer---quantifiable and reproducible data
-appropriate experimental subjects
-proper controls
-verified by others
What makes an experiment unethical? ✔Correct Answer---change data to better fit a hypothesis
(like falsifed or created data)
controlled experiment ✔Correct Answer---all environmental variables constant and included at
least two groups
-control group-> does not recieve experimental treatment, helps ensure results obtained are due to a
difference in one variable
-experimental group-> recieves the experimental treatment
What if there is no control group? ✔Correct Answer--There is no basis for knowing if a particular
result is due to the variable being tested or to some other factor
Biological Organization ✔Correct Answer--1. biosphere, 2.ecosystem, 3.community, 4.population,
5.organism,
6.organ system organ, 7.tissue,
8.cell,
9.organelle,
10.molecule
Biological Organization is a hierarchy of which structural levels ✔Correct Answer--molecule
cell
organ system
population
,ecosystem
biosphere
What determines function? ✔Correct Answer--structure
What does structure determine? ✔Correct Answer--function
Classification ✔Correct Answer--Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Properties of Life ✔Correct Answer--order, regulation, growth and development, energy
processing, response to stimuli, reproduction, adaptation
Orgin of Life ✔Correct Answer--Btwn. 4 (when Earth crust began to soldify) and 3.5 (stromatolites
appear) Billion years ago, first organisms came into being
What are all living things made of? ✔Correct Answer--matter (consists of elements)
Element ✔Correct Answer--A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
through chemical reactions
How many elements & how many essential? ✔Correct Answer--92 known elements & 25 are
essential
What are four essential elements? ✔Correct Answer--HONC
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, & Carbon
Compound ✔Correct Answer---a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined
in a fixed ratio
-characteristics are diff than those of its elements
Atom ✔Correct Answer--smallest unit of matter that still retains properties of an element
What's in the nucleus? ✔Correct Answer--protons and neutrons
Electrons ✔Correct Answer--- charge
form negative cloud and determine chemical behavior
Neutrons ✔Correct Answer--no charge
determine isotope
Protons ✔Correct Answer--+ charge
determine element
Atomic Mass/Weight ✔Correct Answer--Number of protons and neutrons
Atomic Number ✔Correct Answer--number of protons
How are electrons and protons related? ✔Correct Answer--There is a same number of both so that
atoms are neutral/stable
, octet rule ✔Correct Answer--States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a
full set of eight valence electrons
What are the chemical properties of an atom determined by? ✔Correct Answer--Determined by
the electrons in the partially filled outer most electron shell or the valence shell (more
unstable=more reactive)
Molecules are formed ✔Correct Answer--When atoms interact because of energetic tendencies as
they attempt to satisfy octet rule for outer (valence) shell
Bonds ✔Correct Answer--What keeps atoms in molecules held together
energy packed within a bond
Atom's bonding capacity ✔Correct Answer--Number of unpaired valence electrons
Covalent Bonds ✔Correct Answer--Outer shell e- of two atoms are shared to satisfy outer e- shells
of both atoms
-the strongest (form a cell's molecule)
Electronegativity ✔Correct Answer--an atom's attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond
-more electronegative, the more strongly it pulls e- to itself
nonpolar covalent bond ✔Correct Answer--the atoms share the electron equally
polar covalent bond ✔Correct Answer---one atom is more electronegative (greater affinity), and
the atoms do not share the electron equally
-causes a partial positive or negative charge
Water in terms of charges & electronegativity ✔Correct Answer---oxygen= more electronegative
therefore partially negative
-hydrogens=partially positive
ionic bond ✔Correct Answer---ion when an atom gains or loses one or more e-
- atoms either donate or recieve e-
-involve the electrical attraction btwn atoms (opposite charges are attracted)
-break down easily in water
Cation ✔Correct Answer--A positively charged ion
Anion ✔Correct Answer--A negatively charged ion
Which are weak chemical bonds? ✔Correct Answer--ionic & hydrogen
reinforce shapes of large molecules & help molecules adhere to each other
Hydrogen Bonds ✔Correct Answer---forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one
electronegative atom is also attrached to another electronegative atom
-living cells, electronegative partners usually oxygen or nitrogen atoms
Van de Waals interactions ✔Correct Answer--Weak attractions caused by momentary changes in e-
density in a molecule
-hot spots of positive or negative charge
