Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions
and 100% Correct Answers| 2026
Updated
What is allergic asthma associated with?
Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
What are the S&S of ARDS?
SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (alveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory
Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?
Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side;
Absent breath sounds over affected lung
What is cystic fibrosis?
Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal
Recessive)
,Changes with an asthma attack:
Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
How do you interpret ABG's?
1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26
(alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
, Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
What are signs of renal cancer?
No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
How do you manage end stage renal disease?
Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-
hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron
Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic)
What Do You Call Kidney Pain?
Nephralgia
What Is The Most Helpful Test To Determine Renal Function?
Creatinine
and 100% Correct Answers| 2026
Updated
What is allergic asthma associated with?
Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
What are the S&S of ARDS?
SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (alveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory
Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?
Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side;
Absent breath sounds over affected lung
What is cystic fibrosis?
Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal
Recessive)
,Changes with an asthma attack:
Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
How do you interpret ABG's?
1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26
(alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
, Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
What are signs of renal cancer?
No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
How do you manage end stage renal disease?
Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-
hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron
Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic)
What Do You Call Kidney Pain?
Nephralgia
What Is The Most Helpful Test To Determine Renal Function?
Creatinine
