Exam 3 Bios 255 Questions and Answers

Exam 3 Bios 255 Questions and Answers What is the function of the immune reproductive system protects body from infection and fights of pathogen what are the two major defense of immune adaptive and innate non-specific immunity general mechanisms that defend the body against foreign invaders. YOU ARE BORN WITH IT First line of defense skin, mucous membrane, sebum internal defenses: second line of defense inflammation interferon compliment fever phagocytosis adaptive immunity( third line of defense) specialized lymphocytes: T cells and B cells, antibodies Non-phagocytes killing includes granulocytes and natural killer cells Granulocytes releases chemical enzymes to attack pathogen Neutrophils: kills bacteria Eospinosphils: kill parasitic worm, allergies inflammation Phagocytosis A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells antimicorbial proteins specific types of molecules of the innate immune system that function against microbes third line of defense (specific) provides specific and targeted protection against pathogens. Adaptive means what? adapts and develop specific responses to different pathogens third lines of defense contains what two types of immune response? humoral and cell mediated humoral cells B cells that produce antibodies antibodies can neutralize the pathogens directly or tag them for destruction by other immune cells cell-mediated immune response specialized T cells and cytoxic T cells presented by endogenous antigens MCH II antigens triggers the activation of helper T cells cd4 MHC I antigen triggers the activation of Cytotoxic T-cellS cd8 Activated cytotoxic T-cells directly target and kill cells by releasing cytotoxic substances, such as perforin and granzymes, which induce cell death. This process helps eliminate cells that have been hijacked by viruses humoral immunity specific immunity produced by B cells that produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids Antibody-mediated immunity ( humoral) is triggered by the presence of exogenous antigens memory b cells function long lived cells that remember antigen encounter plasma cells derived from B lymphocytes plasma cells function responsible for antibody production. They secrete large amounts of antibodies, also called immunoglobulins, into the bloodstream and other body fluids. Neutrophils infections abundant type of granulocytes and are primarily responsible for combating bacterial infections Esonophils infection defense against parasitic worm infections, as well as allergic reactions and inflammatory responses Basophis infection allergic reactions and inflammation monocytes fungal infections Lymphocytes infection viral infections NK cells function recognizes and binds to specific molecules on a target cell it releases perforin proteins and granzymes. lysis and detachment we destroy the ship and move on with it Phagocytosis: Chemotaxis when there is an inflammation cytokines is released. these signals will attract phagocytes to the sit of infection phagocyrosis: adhesion stick to the surface of pathogen or foreign particle phagocytosis: engulfment extends around the pathogens and engulfs it phagocytosis: formation of phagosomes The engulfed pathogen or foreign particle becomes internalized within a phagocytic vesicle called a phagosome. what are the four cardinal signs of inflammation redness,(rubor) heat, (tumor) swelling,(color) pain(dolar) Inferons interfere with viral replication compliments cascade of proteins combined to form a membrane attached complex that lyses the protein pyrogens Chemicals that promote fever. proteins to increase heat in our body exogenous Produced outside the body Endogenous produced from within; due to internal causes specific immunity specific to the antigen it binds with and gives out immunity to