PLTW - MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS
FINAL EXAM 2026 WITH ACCURATE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is a medical intervention? - Precise Answer ✔✔Any measure whose purpose
is to improve health or alter the course of a disease
What are the main categories of interventions that function to maintain human
health? - Precise Answer ✔✔Treatments, Diagnostics and Equipment
How do scientists gather evidence during the potential outbreak of an infectious
disease? - Precise Answer ✔✔1. Record patient's symptoms and find similarities
with other patients
2. Isolate the bacteria in a lab
3. Go to affected areas and determine the origin of the disease
4. Identify the disease using DNA sequencing since pathogens alter certain DNA
sequences
What is bioinformatics? - Precise Answer ✔✔The collection, classification,
storage, and analysis of biochemical and biological information using computers.
(Especially applied in molecular genetics and genomics)
How can DNA sequences be used to identify disease pathogens? - Precise Answer
✔✔You can observe mutations and abnormalities that disease pathogens have
What is an antibody? - Precise Answer ✔✔A blood protein in the body produced
by B-cells (B-Lymphocytes) that fight against a foreign substance by recognizing a
specific part of it.
How do antibodies identify and inactivate antigens? - Precise Answer ✔✔1. Shape
recognition
2. Proteins of the antigens are configured to specific antibodies, so the foreign
antigens bind to the specific antibodies that inactivate them
How can the ELISA assay be used to detect disease? - Precise Answer ✔✔1.
, Primary antibodies attach to specific antigen
2. Secondary antibody attaches to primary antibody
3. When enzyme substrate is added, color change occurs
Why is it important for doctors to know the concentration of the disease antigen
present in a patient's system? - Precise Answer ✔✔Higher concentration = closer
to patient zero
Patient Zero - Precise Answer ✔✔The first person to be infected with a particular
disease
What steps do scientists take to diagnose, treat, and prevent future spread of a
disease outbreak? - Precise Answer ✔✔1. Record the symptoms
2. Locate the origin of the pathogen
3. Run tests to determine antibodies and antigens
4. Take preventative measures (quarantine, wash hands often, etc.)
How were the following used in managing the outbreak on Sue Smith's campus:
PCR, Bioinformatics/BLAST, and ELISA? - Precise Answer ✔✔These tests
determine the concentration of the disease, which lead to the source of the outbreak
Which part of the bacterial cell allows the bacteria to attach to specific surfaces? -
Precise Answer ✔✔Adhesins, or cell-surface components/appendages of the
bacteria that facilitate attachment to other cells or surfaces
Which bacterial structure is involved with protein synthesis? - Precise Answer
✔✔rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA (Ribosomal, Transfer, Messenger)
What is an endotoxin? - Precise Answer ✔✔A toxin that is inherently present
inside a bacterial cell
What is the structural difference between Gram positive and Gram negative
bacteria? - Precise Answer ✔✔Gram positive:
•Purple
•Thick cell wall
Gram negative:
•Pink
•Thin cell wall
How do antibiotics work to fight bacteria? - Precise Answer ✔✔•Inhibit the cell
FINAL EXAM 2026 WITH ACCURATE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is a medical intervention? - Precise Answer ✔✔Any measure whose purpose
is to improve health or alter the course of a disease
What are the main categories of interventions that function to maintain human
health? - Precise Answer ✔✔Treatments, Diagnostics and Equipment
How do scientists gather evidence during the potential outbreak of an infectious
disease? - Precise Answer ✔✔1. Record patient's symptoms and find similarities
with other patients
2. Isolate the bacteria in a lab
3. Go to affected areas and determine the origin of the disease
4. Identify the disease using DNA sequencing since pathogens alter certain DNA
sequences
What is bioinformatics? - Precise Answer ✔✔The collection, classification,
storage, and analysis of biochemical and biological information using computers.
(Especially applied in molecular genetics and genomics)
How can DNA sequences be used to identify disease pathogens? - Precise Answer
✔✔You can observe mutations and abnormalities that disease pathogens have
What is an antibody? - Precise Answer ✔✔A blood protein in the body produced
by B-cells (B-Lymphocytes) that fight against a foreign substance by recognizing a
specific part of it.
How do antibodies identify and inactivate antigens? - Precise Answer ✔✔1. Shape
recognition
2. Proteins of the antigens are configured to specific antibodies, so the foreign
antigens bind to the specific antibodies that inactivate them
How can the ELISA assay be used to detect disease? - Precise Answer ✔✔1.
, Primary antibodies attach to specific antigen
2. Secondary antibody attaches to primary antibody
3. When enzyme substrate is added, color change occurs
Why is it important for doctors to know the concentration of the disease antigen
present in a patient's system? - Precise Answer ✔✔Higher concentration = closer
to patient zero
Patient Zero - Precise Answer ✔✔The first person to be infected with a particular
disease
What steps do scientists take to diagnose, treat, and prevent future spread of a
disease outbreak? - Precise Answer ✔✔1. Record the symptoms
2. Locate the origin of the pathogen
3. Run tests to determine antibodies and antigens
4. Take preventative measures (quarantine, wash hands often, etc.)
How were the following used in managing the outbreak on Sue Smith's campus:
PCR, Bioinformatics/BLAST, and ELISA? - Precise Answer ✔✔These tests
determine the concentration of the disease, which lead to the source of the outbreak
Which part of the bacterial cell allows the bacteria to attach to specific surfaces? -
Precise Answer ✔✔Adhesins, or cell-surface components/appendages of the
bacteria that facilitate attachment to other cells or surfaces
Which bacterial structure is involved with protein synthesis? - Precise Answer
✔✔rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA (Ribosomal, Transfer, Messenger)
What is an endotoxin? - Precise Answer ✔✔A toxin that is inherently present
inside a bacterial cell
What is the structural difference between Gram positive and Gram negative
bacteria? - Precise Answer ✔✔Gram positive:
•Purple
•Thick cell wall
Gram negative:
•Pink
•Thin cell wall
How do antibiotics work to fight bacteria? - Precise Answer ✔✔•Inhibit the cell
