NUR 210 EXAM 1 MATERIAL PHARMACOLOGY PRINCIPLES
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
drug response - ANSWER-the intensity of the drug response is directly
related to the concentration of the drug at the SITE OF ACTION
Goal is to:
- maximize the beneficial effects- concentration high enough for desired
response
- minimize harm- avoid to high a concentration
Three phases of drug action - ANSWER-1. pharmaceutic phase
(dissolution)
2. pharmacokinetic phase (drug moving through the body)
3. pharmacodynamic phase (what the drug does to the body)
1. pharmaceutic phase - ANSWER-the drug goes into solution
- Dissolution: the process by which a drug goes into solution and
becomes available for absorption
- must be dissolved before it can be absorbed
- most absorption takes place in the small intestine
,2. pharmacokinetic phase: four processes - ANSWER-"what the BODY
does to the drug"
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism/ biotransformation
- exertion
pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - ANSWER-(small intestine) the
movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood
pharmacokinetic phase: Distribution - ANSWER-drug moves from blood
--> cell membrane
pharmacokinetic phase: Metabolism/biotransformation - ANSWER-
lipid soluble metabolite (liver) --> a water soluble metabolite
pharmacokinetic phase: Excretion - ANSWER-water soluble metabolite
(kidneys)
liver - ANSWER-breaks down the drug
kidneys - ANSWER-excretes the drug
, Pharmacokinetic phase movement process - ANSWER-orally -->
stomach --> SI --> bloodstream --> site of action --> liver (broken down) --
> kidneys (excreted)
IV --> bloodstream --> cite of action --> liver --> kidneys
drugs crossing the cell membranes phospholipid cell layer - ANSWER--
drugs must be LIPID SOLUBLE in order to pass through the membrane
- WATER SOLUBLE drugs penetrate the cell membrane through channels
and pores
Absorption
1. direct penetration of the membranes
2. channels and pores
3. transport systems - ANSWER-the movement of a drug from its site of
administration to the blood
How do drugs cross membranes?
1. Direct penetration of the membranes - ANSWER-- use by MOST drugs
- most drugs to large to pass thru channels and pores
- most drugs lack transport systems
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
drug response - ANSWER-the intensity of the drug response is directly
related to the concentration of the drug at the SITE OF ACTION
Goal is to:
- maximize the beneficial effects- concentration high enough for desired
response
- minimize harm- avoid to high a concentration
Three phases of drug action - ANSWER-1. pharmaceutic phase
(dissolution)
2. pharmacokinetic phase (drug moving through the body)
3. pharmacodynamic phase (what the drug does to the body)
1. pharmaceutic phase - ANSWER-the drug goes into solution
- Dissolution: the process by which a drug goes into solution and
becomes available for absorption
- must be dissolved before it can be absorbed
- most absorption takes place in the small intestine
,2. pharmacokinetic phase: four processes - ANSWER-"what the BODY
does to the drug"
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism/ biotransformation
- exertion
pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - ANSWER-(small intestine) the
movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood
pharmacokinetic phase: Distribution - ANSWER-drug moves from blood
--> cell membrane
pharmacokinetic phase: Metabolism/biotransformation - ANSWER-
lipid soluble metabolite (liver) --> a water soluble metabolite
pharmacokinetic phase: Excretion - ANSWER-water soluble metabolite
(kidneys)
liver - ANSWER-breaks down the drug
kidneys - ANSWER-excretes the drug
, Pharmacokinetic phase movement process - ANSWER-orally -->
stomach --> SI --> bloodstream --> site of action --> liver (broken down) --
> kidneys (excreted)
IV --> bloodstream --> cite of action --> liver --> kidneys
drugs crossing the cell membranes phospholipid cell layer - ANSWER--
drugs must be LIPID SOLUBLE in order to pass through the membrane
- WATER SOLUBLE drugs penetrate the cell membrane through channels
and pores
Absorption
1. direct penetration of the membranes
2. channels and pores
3. transport systems - ANSWER-the movement of a drug from its site of
administration to the blood
How do drugs cross membranes?
1. Direct penetration of the membranes - ANSWER-- use by MOST drugs
- most drugs to large to pass thru channels and pores
- most drugs lack transport systems
