NSD 225 UNIT 2 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS
/.What is the scientific method based on? Why is this beneficial? - Answer-✅Based on
systematic observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and reproducibility.
/.Benefits of scientific method - Answer-✅Reduces bias
Produces reliable evidence
Ensures conclusions are based on objective data, not opinion
/.Q: Who is the best source for nutrition advice? - Answer-✅A: Registered Dietitian
Nutritionist (RD/RDN).
/.Q: Name other credible sources of nutrition information. - Answer-✅A: Physicians with
nutrition training, licensed nutritionists, government sites (CDC, NIH, USDA).
/.Q: Who are NOT credible nutrition sources? - Answer-✅A: Influencers, supplement
salespeople, and uncredentialed "nutritionists."
/.Q: What do epidemiological (observational) studies show? - Answer-✅A:
Associations/correlations — NOT cause and effect.
/.Q: What do randomized controlled clinical trials show? - Answer-✅A: Cause-and-
effect relationships.
/.Q: What do case-control studies show? - Answer-✅A: Associations by comparing
people with and without a disease.
/.Q: What is a meta-analysis or systematic review? - Answer-✅A: A summary of many
studies; highest-quality evidence.
/.Q: What is an advantage of animal studies? - Answer-✅A: Controlled environment and
ability to study long-term effects quickly.
/.Q: What is a disadvantage of animal studies? - Answer-✅A: Results do not always
apply directly to humans.
/.Q: What is a health claim? - Answer-✅A: A statement linking a food to reduced
disease risk.
, /.Q: What should you watch for with health claims? - Answer-✅A: Claims that seem too
good to be true, not FDA-approved, or are structure-function claims.
/.Q: What is subcutaneous fat? - Answer-✅A: Fat under the skin; less dangerous and
lower disease risk.
/.Q: What is visceral fat? - Answer-✅A: Fat stored around organs; increases
inflammation and disease risk.
/.Q: What is apple-shaped obesity? - Answer-✅A: Abdominal fat distribution with high
visceral fat and higher disease risk.
/.Q: What is pear-shaped obesity? - Answer-✅A: Fat around hips/thighs; mostly
subcutaneous and lower disease risk.
/.Q: What is BMI and what are its limitations? - Answer-✅A: Weight/height²; doesn't
measure muscle, fat distribution, or visceral fat.
/.Q: What is body composition? - Answer-✅A: The proportion of fat mass vs lean mass.
/.Q: What are benefits of storing fat in adipose tissue? - Answer-✅A: Insulation,
protection, energy reserve, hormone production, prevents ectopic fat.
/.Q: What is energy balance? - Answer-✅A: Comparison of energy intake vs energy
output.
/.Q: What does negative energy balance cause? - Answer-✅A: Weight loss.
/.Q: What does positive energy balance cause? - Answer-✅A: Weight gain.
/.Q: What is insulin's role in fat storage? - Answer-✅A: Moves glucose into cells; high
insulin promotes fat storage.
/.Q: How do refined carbs affect blood sugar? - Answer-✅A: Cause rapid spikes → high
insulin → fat storage and hunger.
/.Q: What does leptin do? - Answer-✅A: Provides long-term fullness signals.
/.Q: What does PYY do? - Answer-✅A: Signals fullness during meals.
/.Q: How does insulin affect satiety? - Answer-✅A: Contributes to short-term fullness
after eating.
ANSWERS
/.What is the scientific method based on? Why is this beneficial? - Answer-✅Based on
systematic observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and reproducibility.
/.Benefits of scientific method - Answer-✅Reduces bias
Produces reliable evidence
Ensures conclusions are based on objective data, not opinion
/.Q: Who is the best source for nutrition advice? - Answer-✅A: Registered Dietitian
Nutritionist (RD/RDN).
/.Q: Name other credible sources of nutrition information. - Answer-✅A: Physicians with
nutrition training, licensed nutritionists, government sites (CDC, NIH, USDA).
/.Q: Who are NOT credible nutrition sources? - Answer-✅A: Influencers, supplement
salespeople, and uncredentialed "nutritionists."
/.Q: What do epidemiological (observational) studies show? - Answer-✅A:
Associations/correlations — NOT cause and effect.
/.Q: What do randomized controlled clinical trials show? - Answer-✅A: Cause-and-
effect relationships.
/.Q: What do case-control studies show? - Answer-✅A: Associations by comparing
people with and without a disease.
/.Q: What is a meta-analysis or systematic review? - Answer-✅A: A summary of many
studies; highest-quality evidence.
/.Q: What is an advantage of animal studies? - Answer-✅A: Controlled environment and
ability to study long-term effects quickly.
/.Q: What is a disadvantage of animal studies? - Answer-✅A: Results do not always
apply directly to humans.
/.Q: What is a health claim? - Answer-✅A: A statement linking a food to reduced
disease risk.
, /.Q: What should you watch for with health claims? - Answer-✅A: Claims that seem too
good to be true, not FDA-approved, or are structure-function claims.
/.Q: What is subcutaneous fat? - Answer-✅A: Fat under the skin; less dangerous and
lower disease risk.
/.Q: What is visceral fat? - Answer-✅A: Fat stored around organs; increases
inflammation and disease risk.
/.Q: What is apple-shaped obesity? - Answer-✅A: Abdominal fat distribution with high
visceral fat and higher disease risk.
/.Q: What is pear-shaped obesity? - Answer-✅A: Fat around hips/thighs; mostly
subcutaneous and lower disease risk.
/.Q: What is BMI and what are its limitations? - Answer-✅A: Weight/height²; doesn't
measure muscle, fat distribution, or visceral fat.
/.Q: What is body composition? - Answer-✅A: The proportion of fat mass vs lean mass.
/.Q: What are benefits of storing fat in adipose tissue? - Answer-✅A: Insulation,
protection, energy reserve, hormone production, prevents ectopic fat.
/.Q: What is energy balance? - Answer-✅A: Comparison of energy intake vs energy
output.
/.Q: What does negative energy balance cause? - Answer-✅A: Weight loss.
/.Q: What does positive energy balance cause? - Answer-✅A: Weight gain.
/.Q: What is insulin's role in fat storage? - Answer-✅A: Moves glucose into cells; high
insulin promotes fat storage.
/.Q: How do refined carbs affect blood sugar? - Answer-✅A: Cause rapid spikes → high
insulin → fat storage and hunger.
/.Q: What does leptin do? - Answer-✅A: Provides long-term fullness signals.
/.Q: What does PYY do? - Answer-✅A: Signals fullness during meals.
/.Q: How does insulin affect satiety? - Answer-✅A: Contributes to short-term fullness
after eating.
