1|Page
NAVLE FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2026 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS ||VERIFIED EXAM!!!(VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||NEWEST EXAM!!!
Which one of the following choices would be the best
method for controlling anaplasmosis in adult cattle in the
United States?
A - Serotest and cull affected cows
B - Vaccination with a modified live vaccine
C - Long-acting oxytetracycline for entire herd
D - Spray pastures with carbaryl insecticide
E - Imidocarb prophylaxis - ANSWER-C - Long-acting
oxytetracycline for entire herd
Cattle who survive anaplasmosis become carriers. Treat
carriers with long-term oxytetracycline IM and repeat at
least once more in a week. In acute clinical cases, prompt
treatment with tetracyclines in the early stages (ie: PCV
greater than 15%) usually ensures survival (ie:
tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline,
rolitetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline). A blood
transfusion can greatly improve survival rates in more
severely affected cattle.
,2|Page
Anaplasmosis is transmitted through tick vectors primarily
in tropical and subtropical areas. The disease is sporadic
in Canada. Theoretically, tick control should eliminate the
agent. Unfortunately, there is no effective method for
controlling ticks on a range pasture.
Imidocarb is a suspected carcinogen with long withholding
times. Imidocarb has been used effectively to treat clinical
and carrier cows in some countries, but is not approved for
use in North America or Europe.
Modified-live vaccines exist, but have variable efficacy,
availability and adverse effects. Modified-live
anaplasmosis vaccines are not approved for use in North
America. The USDA has approved an experimental killed
vaccine for use in 20+ states in the U.S. and Puerto Rico.
You need to perform a CBC and take thoracic radiographs
on a somewhat fractious cat. You sedate the cat with an
intramuscular injection of medetomidine. While on the X-
ray table, you become concerned that the cat is not doing
well and you decide you want to reverse the effects of
medetomidine. What should you give the cat?
,3|Page
A - Xylazine
B - Flumazenil
C - 2-pralidoxime
D - Atropine
E - Atipamezole - ANSWER-E
Atipamezole (trade name: Antisedan), an alpha-2
antagonist, is the reversal agent for medetomidine (trade
name: Dormitor). Medetomidine is an alpha-2 agonist.
Xylazine would be another example of an alpha-2 agonist.
Yohimbine is its reversal agent. Other alpha-2 agonists are
clonidine, detomidine, dexmedetomidine and romifidine
2-pralidoxime is a reversal agent for cholinesterase
inhibitors.
Flumazenil is a reversal agent for benzodiazepines
Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist of acetylcholine and
may be dangerous to use after administration of alpha-2
, 4|Page
agonists. This is because alpha-2 agonists cause marked
vasoconstriction and high afterload on the heart. Giving
atropine and increasing the heart rate can place further
stress on the heart. You do not want to set in motion
peripheral vasoconstriction and compensatory bradycardia
brought on by the alpha-2, then increase the heart rate
against that high afterload. This could make for an
unhappy heart in the event underlying subclinical heart
disease is present.
What profile would you expect in a dog with
hypervitaminosis D?
A - Low Ca, Low P
B - Low Ca, High P
C - High Ca, Low P
D - High Ca, High P - ANSWER-D
Excessive intake of vitamin D is associated with an
increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels. At high levels,
25-hydroxyvitamin D3 competes with 1,25-
dihydroxyvitamin D3 for its receptors on the intestines and
bone causing increased absorption of Ca and P from the
intestinal tract and resorption of bone causing increased
NAVLE FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2026 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS ||VERIFIED EXAM!!!(VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||NEWEST EXAM!!!
Which one of the following choices would be the best
method for controlling anaplasmosis in adult cattle in the
United States?
A - Serotest and cull affected cows
B - Vaccination with a modified live vaccine
C - Long-acting oxytetracycline for entire herd
D - Spray pastures with carbaryl insecticide
E - Imidocarb prophylaxis - ANSWER-C - Long-acting
oxytetracycline for entire herd
Cattle who survive anaplasmosis become carriers. Treat
carriers with long-term oxytetracycline IM and repeat at
least once more in a week. In acute clinical cases, prompt
treatment with tetracyclines in the early stages (ie: PCV
greater than 15%) usually ensures survival (ie:
tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline,
rolitetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline). A blood
transfusion can greatly improve survival rates in more
severely affected cattle.
,2|Page
Anaplasmosis is transmitted through tick vectors primarily
in tropical and subtropical areas. The disease is sporadic
in Canada. Theoretically, tick control should eliminate the
agent. Unfortunately, there is no effective method for
controlling ticks on a range pasture.
Imidocarb is a suspected carcinogen with long withholding
times. Imidocarb has been used effectively to treat clinical
and carrier cows in some countries, but is not approved for
use in North America or Europe.
Modified-live vaccines exist, but have variable efficacy,
availability and adverse effects. Modified-live
anaplasmosis vaccines are not approved for use in North
America. The USDA has approved an experimental killed
vaccine for use in 20+ states in the U.S. and Puerto Rico.
You need to perform a CBC and take thoracic radiographs
on a somewhat fractious cat. You sedate the cat with an
intramuscular injection of medetomidine. While on the X-
ray table, you become concerned that the cat is not doing
well and you decide you want to reverse the effects of
medetomidine. What should you give the cat?
,3|Page
A - Xylazine
B - Flumazenil
C - 2-pralidoxime
D - Atropine
E - Atipamezole - ANSWER-E
Atipamezole (trade name: Antisedan), an alpha-2
antagonist, is the reversal agent for medetomidine (trade
name: Dormitor). Medetomidine is an alpha-2 agonist.
Xylazine would be another example of an alpha-2 agonist.
Yohimbine is its reversal agent. Other alpha-2 agonists are
clonidine, detomidine, dexmedetomidine and romifidine
2-pralidoxime is a reversal agent for cholinesterase
inhibitors.
Flumazenil is a reversal agent for benzodiazepines
Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist of acetylcholine and
may be dangerous to use after administration of alpha-2
, 4|Page
agonists. This is because alpha-2 agonists cause marked
vasoconstriction and high afterload on the heart. Giving
atropine and increasing the heart rate can place further
stress on the heart. You do not want to set in motion
peripheral vasoconstriction and compensatory bradycardia
brought on by the alpha-2, then increase the heart rate
against that high afterload. This could make for an
unhappy heart in the event underlying subclinical heart
disease is present.
What profile would you expect in a dog with
hypervitaminosis D?
A - Low Ca, Low P
B - Low Ca, High P
C - High Ca, Low P
D - High Ca, High P - ANSWER-D
Excessive intake of vitamin D is associated with an
increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels. At high levels,
25-hydroxyvitamin D3 competes with 1,25-
dihydroxyvitamin D3 for its receptors on the intestines and
bone causing increased absorption of Ca and P from the
intestinal tract and resorption of bone causing increased
