HSS3108 - MIDTERM | 166 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| 2026 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
What was the early focus in health? Answer - Sanitation and hygiene
What happened in the 1940-50s: Answer - Systematic and more scientific
approach to educating the public began
What happened Post WWII: Answer - Mandatory public health measures; shift
to chronic disease prevention
What happened 1950-60s: Answer - Health education approaches targeted
behavioural risk factors; development of models and theories of health
behaviour (ex - smoking, diet, nutrition, etc.)
What happened 1960-70s: Answer - Public health prevention interventions
focused on education to change lifestyle behaviours (ex. participaction - body
breaks)
What was written in 1974: Answer - A New Perspective on the Health of
Canadians (Lalonde Report)
What took place 1978 and what was it? Answer - Alma-Ata Declaration;
Health Promotion Directorate established
,What happened in 1979-84: Answer - New research highlighting health impact
of social, economic & environmental factors
What conference and report were done in 1986: Answer - 1st international
conference on HP;
The Ottawa Charter; Achieving Health for All (Epp Report)
What is A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians (Lalonde, 1974) Answer
- First government document that advocated for investing resources beyond
health services
What was the main focus or goal of the Lalonde report? Answer - Shift toward
health promotion and disease prevention
Focus on lifestyle and personal responsibility through behaviour change
Criticism of Lalonde report Answer - Blaming the victim and lack of focus on
SDOH
Criticism of Alma Ata Declaration Answer - Approach was idealistic and
unfeasible
What are the pre-reqs deemed by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?
Answer - Pre-requisites and resources for health identified:
Peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable
resources, social justice and equity
Criticism of Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion Answer - Lack of direction
and specificity in application for the practitioner
, What does the Ottawa Charter consist of? Answer - - 3 Strategies
- 5 Action Areas
What are the three key areas of the Shanghai Declaration? Answer - - Good
governance (so at all levels of government, not just one)
- Healthy cities (where most of the population lives - different initiatives,
smoke-free, active)
- Health literacy: key key key - important for a campaign and the
communication aspect of health promo (looks outside of the individual level)
Health Answer - State of complete physical, mental and social well-being and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Wellness Answer - A state of dynamic physical, mental, social and spiritual
well-being that enables a person to achieve full potential and an enjoyable life
Disease Answer - Pathological process that may or may not produce symptoms
Illness Answer - Subjective sense of feeling unwell
Sickness Answer - Social and cultural conception of the health condition
Prevention Answer - Measures that can be applied to reduce the occurrence,
progression, and consequences
Primordial prevention Answer - Strategies that inhibit the establishment of
predisposing risk factors
| 2026 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
What was the early focus in health? Answer - Sanitation and hygiene
What happened in the 1940-50s: Answer - Systematic and more scientific
approach to educating the public began
What happened Post WWII: Answer - Mandatory public health measures; shift
to chronic disease prevention
What happened 1950-60s: Answer - Health education approaches targeted
behavioural risk factors; development of models and theories of health
behaviour (ex - smoking, diet, nutrition, etc.)
What happened 1960-70s: Answer - Public health prevention interventions
focused on education to change lifestyle behaviours (ex. participaction - body
breaks)
What was written in 1974: Answer - A New Perspective on the Health of
Canadians (Lalonde Report)
What took place 1978 and what was it? Answer - Alma-Ata Declaration;
Health Promotion Directorate established
,What happened in 1979-84: Answer - New research highlighting health impact
of social, economic & environmental factors
What conference and report were done in 1986: Answer - 1st international
conference on HP;
The Ottawa Charter; Achieving Health for All (Epp Report)
What is A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians (Lalonde, 1974) Answer
- First government document that advocated for investing resources beyond
health services
What was the main focus or goal of the Lalonde report? Answer - Shift toward
health promotion and disease prevention
Focus on lifestyle and personal responsibility through behaviour change
Criticism of Lalonde report Answer - Blaming the victim and lack of focus on
SDOH
Criticism of Alma Ata Declaration Answer - Approach was idealistic and
unfeasible
What are the pre-reqs deemed by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?
Answer - Pre-requisites and resources for health identified:
Peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable
resources, social justice and equity
Criticism of Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion Answer - Lack of direction
and specificity in application for the practitioner
, What does the Ottawa Charter consist of? Answer - - 3 Strategies
- 5 Action Areas
What are the three key areas of the Shanghai Declaration? Answer - - Good
governance (so at all levels of government, not just one)
- Healthy cities (where most of the population lives - different initiatives,
smoke-free, active)
- Health literacy: key key key - important for a campaign and the
communication aspect of health promo (looks outside of the individual level)
Health Answer - State of complete physical, mental and social well-being and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Wellness Answer - A state of dynamic physical, mental, social and spiritual
well-being that enables a person to achieve full potential and an enjoyable life
Disease Answer - Pathological process that may or may not produce symptoms
Illness Answer - Subjective sense of feeling unwell
Sickness Answer - Social and cultural conception of the health condition
Prevention Answer - Measures that can be applied to reduce the occurrence,
progression, and consequences
Primordial prevention Answer - Strategies that inhibit the establishment of
predisposing risk factors
