Biochemistry ACS Exam
Glycolysis - Answer-Near-universal pathway in which glucose molecule is oxidized to two molecules of
pyruvate, with energy conserved as ATP and NADH
Glycolytic breakdown - Answer-Glucose is the sole source of metabolic energy in some mammalian
tissues and cell types
Fermentation - Answer-general form for the anaerobic degradation of glucose or other organic nutrients
to obtain energy, conserved as ATP
Preparatory phase - Answer-ATP is invested to convert glucose to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
C3 & C4 broken to yield two molecules of triose phosphate.
Glycolysis: Preparatory phase - Answer-1. Glucose phosphorylated at OH on C-6, ATP used
*hexokinase*
2. glucose 6-phosphate thus formed is converted to fructose 6-phosphate.
*phosphohexose isomerase*
3. Fructose 6-phosphate is phorylated at C-1 to yield Fructose
1,6-bisphosphate, ATP used
*PFK-1*
, 4. Fructose 6-phosphate splits to 2 three carbon molecules, DHAP and GAP
*aldolase*
5. DHAP isomerize to GAP
*triose phosphate isomerase*
(2 GAP molecules)
Glycolysis: Payoff phase-basic def. - Answer-The energy of ATP is invested, raising the free-energy
content of the intermediates, and the carbon chains of all the metabolized hexoses are converted to a
common GAP (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)
Yields 2 ATP and NADH per triose phosphate oxidized.
Glycolysis: Payoff phase - Answer-6. GAP is oxidized and phosphorylated by inorganic phosphate (not by
ATP) to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
*glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase*
7. Energy is released as two molecules of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate. Converted to two molecules of
pyruvate
*phosphoglycerate kinase*
8. Creates 3-phosphoglycerate.
*Phosphoglycerate mutase*-moves inorganic P from 3 to 2-C.
9. Creates 2-Phosphoglycerate. Releases 2 H2O.
*Enolase*
Glycolysis - Answer-Near-universal pathway in which glucose molecule is oxidized to two molecules of
pyruvate, with energy conserved as ATP and NADH
Glycolytic breakdown - Answer-Glucose is the sole source of metabolic energy in some mammalian
tissues and cell types
Fermentation - Answer-general form for the anaerobic degradation of glucose or other organic nutrients
to obtain energy, conserved as ATP
Preparatory phase - Answer-ATP is invested to convert glucose to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
C3 & C4 broken to yield two molecules of triose phosphate.
Glycolysis: Preparatory phase - Answer-1. Glucose phosphorylated at OH on C-6, ATP used
*hexokinase*
2. glucose 6-phosphate thus formed is converted to fructose 6-phosphate.
*phosphohexose isomerase*
3. Fructose 6-phosphate is phorylated at C-1 to yield Fructose
1,6-bisphosphate, ATP used
*PFK-1*
, 4. Fructose 6-phosphate splits to 2 three carbon molecules, DHAP and GAP
*aldolase*
5. DHAP isomerize to GAP
*triose phosphate isomerase*
(2 GAP molecules)
Glycolysis: Payoff phase-basic def. - Answer-The energy of ATP is invested, raising the free-energy
content of the intermediates, and the carbon chains of all the metabolized hexoses are converted to a
common GAP (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)
Yields 2 ATP and NADH per triose phosphate oxidized.
Glycolysis: Payoff phase - Answer-6. GAP is oxidized and phosphorylated by inorganic phosphate (not by
ATP) to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
*glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase*
7. Energy is released as two molecules of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate. Converted to two molecules of
pyruvate
*phosphoglycerate kinase*
8. Creates 3-phosphoglycerate.
*Phosphoglycerate mutase*-moves inorganic P from 3 to 2-C.
9. Creates 2-Phosphoglycerate. Releases 2 H2O.
*Enolase*
