VIRGINIA COMMERCIAL APPLICATOR CATEGORY 3B
TURF PEST CONTROL KEY TERMS EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% COMPLETE SOLUTIONS|
LATEST UPDATE
Insect - correct answer-An arthropod with three body parts. Most insects have one pair
of antennae on the head, two pairs of wings, and three pairs of legs on the thorax. Many
have complex mouthparts, adapted for special types of feeding.
Instar - correct answer-In insects, the growth stage between molts or shedding of the
exoskeleton.
Larva (Plural = Larvae) - correct answer-An immature stage in the life cycle of an insect
with complete metamorphosis. Most insect larvae look like segmented worms with legs.
They do not resemble the adult stage. As a rule, the larval stage is an active, feeding
stage. Grubs (beetles) and caterpillars (butterflies and moths) are insect larvae. In
complete metamorphosis, the larval stage occurs between the egg and the pupal stage.
Leaf Sheath - correct answer-The lower part of the leaf that encloses the stem.
Lesion - correct answer-An area of infected (diseased, dying, or dead) tissues on a
plant part.
Life Cycle - correct answer-Stages of development.
Ligule - correct answer-The structure which partially clasps a grass stem at the junction
of the blade and the sheath. The presence or absence of a ligule and its form, if present
(hairy or membranous, tall or short), is characteristic of a particular grass species. To
see the ligule, you must peel the leaf away from its stem and examine the ligule with a
hand lens to check its size, shape, and texture.
Metamorphosis - correct answer-The change in body form during the life cycle. Some
organisms hatch from eggs looking like small adults. Others change considerably in
appearance (in stages) as they develop. All insects go through some sort of
metamorphosis during their life cycle.
,Complete Metamorphosis - correct answer-Insect development involving four different
body forms or life stages. A good example of complete metamorphosis is the life cycle
of a beetle or a moth. A beetle or moth life cycle starts with an egg. An active feeding
stage called a larva hatches from the egg. A moth larva is called a caterpillar; a beetle
larva is called a grub. When caterpillars and grubs get to a certain size and age, they
make a protective case. This signals the beginning of the next life cycle stage, called a
pupa. A pupa does not feed. Inside the case, the pupa changes into an adult.
Gradual Metamorphosis - correct answer-Insect development in three stages. In gradual
metamorphosis, the egg hatches into a nymph. A nymph is a small, immature stage
resembling the adult in body form. As the nymph grows, it develops wings and
functional reproductive organs. Grasshoppers and chinch bugs go through gradual
metamorphosis.
Midrib - correct answer-The central, main vein of a leaf.
Mite - correct answer-A type of arachnid.
Monocot - correct answer-A plant with one seed leaf (cotyledon). Monocots usually
have narrow leaves with parallel veins and fibrous roots.
Mycelium - correct answer-A mass of threadlike filaments that form the main growing
structure (the "body") of a fungus.
Necrosis - correct answer-Death of tissue.
Nematode - correct answer-A microscopic roundworm. Nematodes that are plant
parasites have stylets (hollow, sharp tubes), which they insert into plant cells for
feeding.
Node - correct answer-A place on a stem where a leaf is—or was—attached. A node is
an often-enlarged point on a stem where a leaf, bud, or other organ diverges from the
stem; a joint.
Nymph - correct answer-The immature stage of an insect with gradual metamorphosis.
Nymphs hatch from eggs and gradually develop into mature adults.
, Opposite Leaves - correct answer-Two leaves at the same level on opposite sides of
the stem
Spike - correct answer-An inflorescence or seed head that does not branch and has tiny
flowers attached directly to the main stem.
Warm-season Turfgrass - correct answer-A grass species Spore - Reproductive
structure of a fungus, adapted for Warmer climates or warmer parts of the growing
season in Virginia *when temperatures are 80 to 95°F
Stolon - correct answer-A modified stem that creeps to horizontally on the soil surface
or in the upper thatch layer.
A Whorled - correct answer-Having three or more leaves per
Symptom - correct answer-An abnormal condition. Symptoms can be used to identify a
plant health problem.
Syndrome - correct answer-All the symptoms that characterize a disease.
Systemic Disease - correct answer-A disease caused by a plant pathogen with the
ability to invade a plant's vascular tissue and spread throughout all parts of a plant.
Translocation - correct answer-Movement of nutrients or other materials from one part
of a plant to another. For example, food is produced in the leaves and translocated
(moved) to other parts of the plant.
Tuber - correct answer-A fleshy stem, usually underground, that stores food for some
plants. A potato is a tuber.
Vascular Plant - correct answer-A plant with conducting tissue (Xylem/Water and
phloem/food).
TURF PEST CONTROL KEY TERMS EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% COMPLETE SOLUTIONS|
LATEST UPDATE
Insect - correct answer-An arthropod with three body parts. Most insects have one pair
of antennae on the head, two pairs of wings, and three pairs of legs on the thorax. Many
have complex mouthparts, adapted for special types of feeding.
Instar - correct answer-In insects, the growth stage between molts or shedding of the
exoskeleton.
Larva (Plural = Larvae) - correct answer-An immature stage in the life cycle of an insect
with complete metamorphosis. Most insect larvae look like segmented worms with legs.
They do not resemble the adult stage. As a rule, the larval stage is an active, feeding
stage. Grubs (beetles) and caterpillars (butterflies and moths) are insect larvae. In
complete metamorphosis, the larval stage occurs between the egg and the pupal stage.
Leaf Sheath - correct answer-The lower part of the leaf that encloses the stem.
Lesion - correct answer-An area of infected (diseased, dying, or dead) tissues on a
plant part.
Life Cycle - correct answer-Stages of development.
Ligule - correct answer-The structure which partially clasps a grass stem at the junction
of the blade and the sheath. The presence or absence of a ligule and its form, if present
(hairy or membranous, tall or short), is characteristic of a particular grass species. To
see the ligule, you must peel the leaf away from its stem and examine the ligule with a
hand lens to check its size, shape, and texture.
Metamorphosis - correct answer-The change in body form during the life cycle. Some
organisms hatch from eggs looking like small adults. Others change considerably in
appearance (in stages) as they develop. All insects go through some sort of
metamorphosis during their life cycle.
,Complete Metamorphosis - correct answer-Insect development involving four different
body forms or life stages. A good example of complete metamorphosis is the life cycle
of a beetle or a moth. A beetle or moth life cycle starts with an egg. An active feeding
stage called a larva hatches from the egg. A moth larva is called a caterpillar; a beetle
larva is called a grub. When caterpillars and grubs get to a certain size and age, they
make a protective case. This signals the beginning of the next life cycle stage, called a
pupa. A pupa does not feed. Inside the case, the pupa changes into an adult.
Gradual Metamorphosis - correct answer-Insect development in three stages. In gradual
metamorphosis, the egg hatches into a nymph. A nymph is a small, immature stage
resembling the adult in body form. As the nymph grows, it develops wings and
functional reproductive organs. Grasshoppers and chinch bugs go through gradual
metamorphosis.
Midrib - correct answer-The central, main vein of a leaf.
Mite - correct answer-A type of arachnid.
Monocot - correct answer-A plant with one seed leaf (cotyledon). Monocots usually
have narrow leaves with parallel veins and fibrous roots.
Mycelium - correct answer-A mass of threadlike filaments that form the main growing
structure (the "body") of a fungus.
Necrosis - correct answer-Death of tissue.
Nematode - correct answer-A microscopic roundworm. Nematodes that are plant
parasites have stylets (hollow, sharp tubes), which they insert into plant cells for
feeding.
Node - correct answer-A place on a stem where a leaf is—or was—attached. A node is
an often-enlarged point on a stem where a leaf, bud, or other organ diverges from the
stem; a joint.
Nymph - correct answer-The immature stage of an insect with gradual metamorphosis.
Nymphs hatch from eggs and gradually develop into mature adults.
, Opposite Leaves - correct answer-Two leaves at the same level on opposite sides of
the stem
Spike - correct answer-An inflorescence or seed head that does not branch and has tiny
flowers attached directly to the main stem.
Warm-season Turfgrass - correct answer-A grass species Spore - Reproductive
structure of a fungus, adapted for Warmer climates or warmer parts of the growing
season in Virginia *when temperatures are 80 to 95°F
Stolon - correct answer-A modified stem that creeps to horizontally on the soil surface
or in the upper thatch layer.
A Whorled - correct answer-Having three or more leaves per
Symptom - correct answer-An abnormal condition. Symptoms can be used to identify a
plant health problem.
Syndrome - correct answer-All the symptoms that characterize a disease.
Systemic Disease - correct answer-A disease caused by a plant pathogen with the
ability to invade a plant's vascular tissue and spread throughout all parts of a plant.
Translocation - correct answer-Movement of nutrients or other materials from one part
of a plant to another. For example, food is produced in the leaves and translocated
(moved) to other parts of the plant.
Tuber - correct answer-A fleshy stem, usually underground, that stores food for some
plants. A potato is a tuber.
Vascular Plant - correct answer-A plant with conducting tissue (Xylem/Water and
phloem/food).
