answers rated A+ 2025/2026
communication - ANS ✔✔is a sending and receiving of information, ideas feelings, or messages
speech - ANS ✔✔is the oral expression of language
around a baby's first steps - ANS ✔✔When does a baby say their first words
language - ANS ✔✔a system of abstract symbols and rule governed structures, the specific
conventions of which are learned. the symbols of language may be sounds or gestures that are
combined into words, sentences, and paragraphs. symbols are arbitrarily established by the
conventional usage of a given people. internal representation of language
phonology - ANS ✔✔sounds of a language and their combinatory rules (/b/ and /br)
morphology - ANS ✔✔combinatory rules for smallest meaningful units of language (ex:
morpheme, -s, cat)
syntax - ANS ✔✔combinatory rules for larger chinks of meaningful language (ex: word order,
clause structure)
semantics - ANS ✔✔vocabulary of a language (ex: cat, dog, horse)
pragmatics - ANS ✔✔knowing the social appropiateness for how to use a language
, productivity - ANS ✔✔speakers can make new utterances and recombine forms they already
know to express novel utterances. language is generative
semanticity - ANS ✔✔speakers can use language to refer to ideas, events, objects. language is
symbolic
displacement - ANS ✔✔speakers can use language to talk about things not in the here and now.
language is decontextualized
productivity, semanticity, and displacement - ANS ✔✔species specific: three properties of
language
Alex the parrot - ANS ✔✔could answer questions but productivity was limited
Chaser the border collie - ANS ✔✔knows 1,022. can pick out the stuffed animal when told the
name
Viki - ANS ✔✔chimp raised as if it were human child, included language training. could produce
4 words (mama, cup, papa, up) but understood a lot more
Gua - ANS ✔✔compared infant chimp to infant human in same home; no special training. chimp
did not babble or learn to speak words
Washoe - ANS ✔✔taught ASL, 250 signs, but syntax was not productive or consistent
Nim Chimpsky - ANS ✔✔taught ASL, 100+ signs, no word order, no concept of turn taking,
review indicted most of what he signed has been signed to him, no productivity
Kanzi - ANS ✔✔learned ASL and lexigrams,