NSG 532 Exam 1|Brand New Exam
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4 Part Definition of Physiology - Answer✅✅Study of bodily functions in a healthy
organism
Intermolecular interactions and communications w/in an organism and with its
internal/external environment
Mutual relationships between an organism and its microbiome
Homeostatic processes
Is physiology focused more on organic compounds or inorganic compounds? -
Answer✅✅Organic
Homeostasis definition - Answer✅✅Variables are regulated so that internal
conditions (including microbiome composition and diversity) remain stable and
relatively constant
, What 3 characteristics do all living beings share? - Answer✅✅A source of life
information (DNA/RNA)
Cellular organelles to process info into structural and functional proteins
Cellular organelles to generate energy
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? - Answer✅✅Genotype -
the actual information printed in the DNA
Phenotype - how the information is physically expressed
Diversity begins with the variations among genotype information
What is the beginning of the life energy process? - Answer✅✅The sun provides
solar energy
What do plants do with inorganic compounds CO2, H2O, and sunlight? -
Answer✅✅Combine to produce organic compounds and oxygen using
photosynthesis
What is the byproduct of the use of oxygen to breakdown organic compounds? -
Answer✅✅ATP - aerobic respiration
What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? -
Answer✅✅Autotrophs can convert inorganic compounds into organic compounds -
only plants able to do this
Heterotrophs must consume organic compounds such as plants or animals that eat
plants to create ATP
What are the four most important biomolecules? - Answer✅✅DNA
RNA
Proteins
ATP
Of DNA, RNA, Proteins, and ATP which are information and which are energy? -
Answer✅✅DNA, RNA, Proteins - Information
ATP - Energy
What is the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?
Which is more common in humans? - Answer✅✅Aerobic - w/the use of oxygen
Anaerobic - w/o the use of oxygen
99% of human energy production is aerobic
,How many ATP does the process of glycolysis create? - Answer✅✅2 ATP molecules
What organelle does the krebs cycle take place in? - Answer✅✅Mitochondria
How many ATP does the Krebs cycle produce? - Answer✅✅2 ATP
How many ATP does the Electron Transport Chain produce? - Answer✅✅34 ATP
How many ATP total are produced with the breakdown of organic compounds in
aerobic cellular respiration? - Answer✅✅38 ATP
What element is needed for the electron transport chain to work properly? -
Answer✅✅Oxygen
What purpose does oxygen serve in aerobic cellular respiration? -
Answer✅✅Oxygen increases the efficiency of ATP production
How many ATP does anaerobic cellular respiration create? What are other
byproducts? - Answer✅✅2 ATP
Byproducts are 2 molecules of lactate
What type of cells use lactic acid fermentation anaerobic respiration? -
Answer✅✅Some bacteria, liver cells, muscle cells
What are two types of anaerobic cellular respiration? - Answer✅✅Lactic Acid
Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
What type of organisms use alcoholic fermentation? - Answer✅✅Yeast and some
bacteria
Explain the name behind Adenosine Triphosphate - Answer✅✅Adenine + Ribose =
Adenosine
3 Phosphate = Triphosphate
Moving from ATP to ADP to AMP is creating or using energy? - Answer✅✅Using
energy
Moving from AMP to ADP to ATP is creating or using energy? - Answer✅✅Creating
energy
What is the difference between dephosphorylation and phosphorylation?
, Which uses energy and which stores energy? - Answer✅✅Dephosphorylation is the
removal of a phosphate group from a molecule of ATP. This is using energy.
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group from a molecule of ATP. This is
storage/creation of energy.
What does the free phosphate created by dephosphorylation do? -
Answer✅✅Activates inactive molecules elsewhere
Which enzyme is responsible for phosyphorylation? - Answer✅✅ATP Synthase
Which enzyme is responsible for dephosphorylation? - Answer✅✅ATPase
What is NAD? - Answer✅✅Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
An electron carrier
What is NAD important for? - Answer✅✅Carries hydrogen to create energy.
Called NADH when carrying hydrogen
What is FAD? - Answer✅✅Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
An electron carrier
What is FAD important for? - Answer✅✅Carrying hydrogen for energy creation
Called FADH when carrying hydrogen
What vitamin is important for the creation of FAD and NAD? - Answer✅✅Vitamin B
What occurs in the outer membrane of the mitochondria? - Answer✅✅Transport
What occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria? - Answer✅✅Electron
Transport Chain and ATP Synthase
What occurs in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria? - Answer✅✅H+
gradients
What occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria? - Answer✅✅Krebs cycle
What type of "machine" is the mitochondria in cells? - Answer✅✅An ATP
generating machine
How does the H+ gradient work? - Answer✅✅Creates a high concentration of
hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space.
The high gradient of ions drives H+ back through the ATP synthase found in the inner
membrane.
ATP synthase becomes activated and synthesizes ATP from ADP
Questions with 100% Correct Clear
Verified Answers|All Graded
A+|Latest Premium Update|100%
Guaranteed Success.
4 Part Definition of Physiology - Answer✅✅Study of bodily functions in a healthy
organism
Intermolecular interactions and communications w/in an organism and with its
internal/external environment
Mutual relationships between an organism and its microbiome
Homeostatic processes
Is physiology focused more on organic compounds or inorganic compounds? -
Answer✅✅Organic
Homeostasis definition - Answer✅✅Variables are regulated so that internal
conditions (including microbiome composition and diversity) remain stable and
relatively constant
, What 3 characteristics do all living beings share? - Answer✅✅A source of life
information (DNA/RNA)
Cellular organelles to process info into structural and functional proteins
Cellular organelles to generate energy
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? - Answer✅✅Genotype -
the actual information printed in the DNA
Phenotype - how the information is physically expressed
Diversity begins with the variations among genotype information
What is the beginning of the life energy process? - Answer✅✅The sun provides
solar energy
What do plants do with inorganic compounds CO2, H2O, and sunlight? -
Answer✅✅Combine to produce organic compounds and oxygen using
photosynthesis
What is the byproduct of the use of oxygen to breakdown organic compounds? -
Answer✅✅ATP - aerobic respiration
What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? -
Answer✅✅Autotrophs can convert inorganic compounds into organic compounds -
only plants able to do this
Heterotrophs must consume organic compounds such as plants or animals that eat
plants to create ATP
What are the four most important biomolecules? - Answer✅✅DNA
RNA
Proteins
ATP
Of DNA, RNA, Proteins, and ATP which are information and which are energy? -
Answer✅✅DNA, RNA, Proteins - Information
ATP - Energy
What is the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?
Which is more common in humans? - Answer✅✅Aerobic - w/the use of oxygen
Anaerobic - w/o the use of oxygen
99% of human energy production is aerobic
,How many ATP does the process of glycolysis create? - Answer✅✅2 ATP molecules
What organelle does the krebs cycle take place in? - Answer✅✅Mitochondria
How many ATP does the Krebs cycle produce? - Answer✅✅2 ATP
How many ATP does the Electron Transport Chain produce? - Answer✅✅34 ATP
How many ATP total are produced with the breakdown of organic compounds in
aerobic cellular respiration? - Answer✅✅38 ATP
What element is needed for the electron transport chain to work properly? -
Answer✅✅Oxygen
What purpose does oxygen serve in aerobic cellular respiration? -
Answer✅✅Oxygen increases the efficiency of ATP production
How many ATP does anaerobic cellular respiration create? What are other
byproducts? - Answer✅✅2 ATP
Byproducts are 2 molecules of lactate
What type of cells use lactic acid fermentation anaerobic respiration? -
Answer✅✅Some bacteria, liver cells, muscle cells
What are two types of anaerobic cellular respiration? - Answer✅✅Lactic Acid
Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
What type of organisms use alcoholic fermentation? - Answer✅✅Yeast and some
bacteria
Explain the name behind Adenosine Triphosphate - Answer✅✅Adenine + Ribose =
Adenosine
3 Phosphate = Triphosphate
Moving from ATP to ADP to AMP is creating or using energy? - Answer✅✅Using
energy
Moving from AMP to ADP to ATP is creating or using energy? - Answer✅✅Creating
energy
What is the difference between dephosphorylation and phosphorylation?
, Which uses energy and which stores energy? - Answer✅✅Dephosphorylation is the
removal of a phosphate group from a molecule of ATP. This is using energy.
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group from a molecule of ATP. This is
storage/creation of energy.
What does the free phosphate created by dephosphorylation do? -
Answer✅✅Activates inactive molecules elsewhere
Which enzyme is responsible for phosyphorylation? - Answer✅✅ATP Synthase
Which enzyme is responsible for dephosphorylation? - Answer✅✅ATPase
What is NAD? - Answer✅✅Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
An electron carrier
What is NAD important for? - Answer✅✅Carries hydrogen to create energy.
Called NADH when carrying hydrogen
What is FAD? - Answer✅✅Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
An electron carrier
What is FAD important for? - Answer✅✅Carrying hydrogen for energy creation
Called FADH when carrying hydrogen
What vitamin is important for the creation of FAD and NAD? - Answer✅✅Vitamin B
What occurs in the outer membrane of the mitochondria? - Answer✅✅Transport
What occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria? - Answer✅✅Electron
Transport Chain and ATP Synthase
What occurs in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria? - Answer✅✅H+
gradients
What occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria? - Answer✅✅Krebs cycle
What type of "machine" is the mitochondria in cells? - Answer✅✅An ATP
generating machine
How does the H+ gradient work? - Answer✅✅Creates a high concentration of
hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space.
The high gradient of ions drives H+ back through the ATP synthase found in the inner
membrane.
ATP synthase becomes activated and synthesizes ATP from ADP
