TEST BANK
FOR A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON UPDATED!!!
,Chapter 1 Test A
x x x
MULTIPLE CHOICE x
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments x x x x x x x x x
and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
x x x x x x x x x
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
x x x x x x x x x x
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
x x x x x x x x x
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
x x x x x x x x x x
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
x x x x x x x x x
ANS: D x PTS: x x 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
pressure (which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
production (which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
reactions that transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
recall information.
x x
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" x x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
x x x x x x x x x x
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. x x x x
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
x x x x x x x x x
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
x x x x x x x x
ANS: C x PTS: x x 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule"
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
whatever the situation.
x x x
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice x x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
x x x x x x x x x
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
x x x x x x x x x x
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
x x x x x x x x x x
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
x x x x x x x x x x
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E x PTS: x x 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
x x x x x x x x x x
1
, a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
x x x x x x x x x x
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
x x x x x x x x
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
x x x x x x x x x
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A x PTS: x x 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested,
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be
x x x x x x x x x x x x
arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
significantly longer sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
same offenses than black women.
x x x x x
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." x x x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
x x x x x x x
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
x x x x x x x x x x
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
x x x x x x x
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison.
x x x x x x x x x x
ANS: B x PTS: x x 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
a vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
identity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
computers to visit pay-per-click ads.
x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
x x x x x x x x x x
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
x x x x x x x x x
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
x x x x x x x x x
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall.
x x x x x x x x x x
ANS: E x PTS: x x 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
of interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
x x x x x x x x
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists.
x x x x x x x x
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. x x x x x x x x
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere.
x x x x x x x x
ANS: C x PTS: x x 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
communities abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
medicines can be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
and life sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
averted.
x
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. x x x x x x x x
2
, c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. x x x x x x
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed.
x x x x x x x x x
e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted.
x x x x x x x x x x
ANS: A x PTS: x x 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel,
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
neurons communicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
mental processing.
x x
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron.
x x x x x x x x
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. x x x x x
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. x x x x x x x
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing.
x x x x x x x x
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D x PTS: x x 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
stored in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
disease.
x
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations x x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins.
x x x x x x x x x x x x
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope.
x x x x x x x
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease.
x x x x x x x x x x
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells.
x x x x x x x x
ANS: B x PTS: x x 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
by 82 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
photovoltaic cells have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
electricity. Today the costs of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
plants.
x
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants.
x x x x x x x x x x
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981.
x x x x x x x x x
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem.
x x x x x x x x x
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity.
x x x x x x x x
ANS: D x PTS: x x 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
From 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
evidence played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
executed. For many of these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
available, how may more would have been exonerated?
x x x x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role.
x x x x x x x x x x x
3
FOR A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON UPDATED!!!
,Chapter 1 Test A
x x x
MULTIPLE CHOICE x
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments x x x x x x x x x
and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
x x x x x x x x x
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
x x x x x x x x x x
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
x x x x x x x x x
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
x x x x x x x x x x
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
x x x x x x x x x
ANS: D x PTS: x x 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
pressure (which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
production (which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
reactions that transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
recall information.
x x
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" x x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
x x x x x x x x x x
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. x x x x
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
x x x x x x x x x
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
x x x x x x x x
ANS: C x PTS: x x 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule"
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
whatever the situation.
x x x
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice x x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
x x x x x x x x x
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
x x x x x x x x x x
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
x x x x x x x x x x
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
x x x x x x x x x x
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E x PTS: x x 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
x x x x x x x x x x
1
, a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
x x x x x x x x x x
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
x x x x x x x x
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
x x x x x x x x x
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A x PTS: x x 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested,
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be
x x x x x x x x x x x x
arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
significantly longer sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
same offenses than black women.
x x x x x
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." x x x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
x x x x x x x
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
x x x x x x x x x x
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
x x x x x x x
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison.
x x x x x x x x x x
ANS: B x PTS: x x 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
a vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
identity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
computers to visit pay-per-click ads.
x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
x x x x x x x x x x
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
x x x x x x x x x
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
x x x x x x x x x
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall.
x x x x x x x x x x
ANS: E x PTS: x x 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
of interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
x x x x x x x x
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists.
x x x x x x x x
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. x x x x x x x x
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere.
x x x x x x x x
ANS: C x PTS: x x 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
communities abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
medicines can be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
and life sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
averted.
x
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. x x x x x x x x
2
, c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. x x x x x x
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed.
x x x x x x x x x
e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted.
x x x x x x x x x x
ANS: A x PTS: x x 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel,
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
neurons communicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
mental processing.
x x
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron.
x x x x x x x x
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. x x x x x
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. x x x x x x x
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing.
x x x x x x x x
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D x PTS: x x 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
stored in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
disease.
x
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations x x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins.
x x x x x x x x x x x x
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope.
x x x x x x x
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease.
x x x x x x x x x x
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells.
x x x x x x x x
ANS: B x PTS: x x 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
by 82 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
photovoltaic cells have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
electricity. Today the costs of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
plants.
x
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants.
x x x x x x x x x x
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981.
x x x x x x x x x
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem.
x x x x x x x x x
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity.
x x x x x x x x
ANS: D x PTS: x x 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
From 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
evidence played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
executed. For many of these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
available, how may more would have been exonerated?
x x x x x x x x
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role.
x x x x x x x x x x x
3
