Part A
1. Define ALU :
An arithmetic-logic unit is the part of a central processing unit that carries out arithmetic and logic
operations on the operands in computer instruction words.
2. What is microprogramming ?
Microprogramming, process of writing microcode for a microprocessor. Microcode is low-level code
that defines how a microprocessor should function when it executes machine-language instructions.
3. How many types of modes of i/o data transfer :
We have three different modes of transfer: Programmed I/O, Interrupt-initiated I/O, and Direct
Memory Access (DMA).
4. Name the method which offers higher speeds of I/O transfers :
DMA(Direct Memory Access)
5. Name the process where in the processor constantly checks the status flag:
Polling
6. Define interrupt latency?
Interrupt latency, also called interrupt response time, is the length of time that it takes for a
computer interrupt to be acted on after it has been generated.
7. Define Instruction Pipelining:
An instruction pipeline reads instruction from the memory while previous instructions are being
executed in other segments of the pipeline. Thus we can execute multiple instructions
simultaneously.
8. Classify Data Hazards :
read after write (RAW), a true dependency. write after read (WAR), an anti-dependency. write after
write (WAW), an output dependency.
, Part B
9. a) Explain briefly about Combination ALU Design:
The ALU is a combinational logic circuit that performs addition and subtraction, as well as the logical
operations AND, OR and XOR. The addition and subtraction functionality are provided by a
preexisting xilinx component, while the logical operations are performed by arrays of the
corresponding gate types.
b) Differentiate Hardwired & Micro Programmed Control unit :
Hardwired Control Unit Microprogrammed Unit
It is not applicable to change the structure It is applicable to make modifications by changing the
and instruction set, once it is developed. microprogram saved in the control memory.
The design of the computer is complex. The design of the computer is simplified.
The architecture and instructions set are not The architecture and instruction set is specified.
specified.
It is quick. It is moderate comparatively.
It has a processor to create signals to be It facilitates the microsequencer from which instruction
executed in the right sequence. bits are decoded and executed.
1. Define ALU :
An arithmetic-logic unit is the part of a central processing unit that carries out arithmetic and logic
operations on the operands in computer instruction words.
2. What is microprogramming ?
Microprogramming, process of writing microcode for a microprocessor. Microcode is low-level code
that defines how a microprocessor should function when it executes machine-language instructions.
3. How many types of modes of i/o data transfer :
We have three different modes of transfer: Programmed I/O, Interrupt-initiated I/O, and Direct
Memory Access (DMA).
4. Name the method which offers higher speeds of I/O transfers :
DMA(Direct Memory Access)
5. Name the process where in the processor constantly checks the status flag:
Polling
6. Define interrupt latency?
Interrupt latency, also called interrupt response time, is the length of time that it takes for a
computer interrupt to be acted on after it has been generated.
7. Define Instruction Pipelining:
An instruction pipeline reads instruction from the memory while previous instructions are being
executed in other segments of the pipeline. Thus we can execute multiple instructions
simultaneously.
8. Classify Data Hazards :
read after write (RAW), a true dependency. write after read (WAR), an anti-dependency. write after
write (WAW), an output dependency.
, Part B
9. a) Explain briefly about Combination ALU Design:
The ALU is a combinational logic circuit that performs addition and subtraction, as well as the logical
operations AND, OR and XOR. The addition and subtraction functionality are provided by a
preexisting xilinx component, while the logical operations are performed by arrays of the
corresponding gate types.
b) Differentiate Hardwired & Micro Programmed Control unit :
Hardwired Control Unit Microprogrammed Unit
It is not applicable to change the structure It is applicable to make modifications by changing the
and instruction set, once it is developed. microprogram saved in the control memory.
The design of the computer is complex. The design of the computer is simplified.
The architecture and instructions set are not The architecture and instruction set is specified.
specified.
It is quick. It is moderate comparatively.
It has a processor to create signals to be It facilitates the microsequencer from which instruction
executed in the right sequence. bits are decoded and executed.
