Animal Biology 1604 - Final Exam
Questions And Answers
/. What is a species? - Answer-✅A group of interbreeding individuals that have a
common ancestry and are reproductively isolated from other such groups
/.What is adaptive radiation? What are examples of species that underwent adaptive
radiation? - Answer-✅Adaptive radiation is the diversification of a group of organisms
into forms filling different ecological niches; examples are Darwin's finches
/.What is natural selection? - Answer-✅Leads to change in a species
/.What are the four criteria for natural selection to occur? - Answer-✅Must have: 1)
variation within populations, 2) variation is passed onto offspring, 3) organisms produce
more offspring than can survive, and 4) survival and reproduction are not random
/.What is stabilizing selection? - Answer-✅Selects against extreme phenotypes
/.What is directional selection? - Answer-✅Phenotype character shifts in one direction
/.What is disruptive selection? - Answer-✅Selects against average phenotypes
/.What is ecology? - Answer-✅The study of a relationship between an organism and its
environment; helps us understand distribution and abundance of animal populations
/.What is a population? - Answer-✅A group of organisms of the same species inhabiting
a specific geographical locality
/.What is an ecosystem? - Answer-✅A biological community of interacting organisms
and their environment
/.What is parasitism? Examples? - Answer-✅The symbiont (parasite) receives benefits
at the host's expense, (+,-); fleas and dogs
/.What is mutualism? Examples? - Answer-✅Both the host and the symbiont benefit,
(+,+); clownfish and sea anemones
/.What is commensalism? Examples? - Answer-✅The symbiont benefits but the host is
unaffected, (+,0); egrets and cattle
, /.What is camouflage? - Answer-✅Cryptic coloration and countershading
/.What is aposematic coloration? - Answer-✅Advertises danger; usually red or black
/.What is Mullerian mimicry? - Answer-✅When two different species resemble each
other but both are distasteful
/.What is Batesian mimicry? - Answer-✅When a species resembles a distasteful
species to be avoided by predators
/.What is a "keystone" species? - Answer-✅A species in which the ecosystem largely
depends on; if it were removed, the environment would drastically change; an example
is starfish.
/.What are the organizational levels of animal complexity? - Answer-✅1. Protoplasmic
(protozoans), 2. Cellular (sponges), 3. Tissue, 4. Organ, 5. Organ-system
/.What is radial symmetry? - Answer-✅Any plane passing through the oral-aboral axis
divides the animal into mirror images; best for sessile lifestyle because it provides
confrontation with the environment equally from all sides and low mobility
/.What is bilateral symmetry? - Answer-✅One plane of symmetry that passes from the
anterior to the posterior to create mirror images; best for an active lifestyle because
there is cephalization and controlled movement
/.What is the sagittal plane? - Answer-✅Vertical plane that divides into left and right
sides
/.What is the frontal/coronal plane? - Answer-✅Vertical plane that divides into ventral
and dorsal parts
/.What is the transverse plane? - Answer-✅Vertical plane that divides into anterior and
posterior parts
/.Anterior - Answer-✅Head end
/.Posterior - Answer-✅Tail end
/.Dorsal - Answer-✅Back or upper side
/.Ventral - Answer-✅Front or belly side
/.Median/Medial - Answer-✅Midline of the body; towards the middle of the body
Questions And Answers
/. What is a species? - Answer-✅A group of interbreeding individuals that have a
common ancestry and are reproductively isolated from other such groups
/.What is adaptive radiation? What are examples of species that underwent adaptive
radiation? - Answer-✅Adaptive radiation is the diversification of a group of organisms
into forms filling different ecological niches; examples are Darwin's finches
/.What is natural selection? - Answer-✅Leads to change in a species
/.What are the four criteria for natural selection to occur? - Answer-✅Must have: 1)
variation within populations, 2) variation is passed onto offspring, 3) organisms produce
more offspring than can survive, and 4) survival and reproduction are not random
/.What is stabilizing selection? - Answer-✅Selects against extreme phenotypes
/.What is directional selection? - Answer-✅Phenotype character shifts in one direction
/.What is disruptive selection? - Answer-✅Selects against average phenotypes
/.What is ecology? - Answer-✅The study of a relationship between an organism and its
environment; helps us understand distribution and abundance of animal populations
/.What is a population? - Answer-✅A group of organisms of the same species inhabiting
a specific geographical locality
/.What is an ecosystem? - Answer-✅A biological community of interacting organisms
and their environment
/.What is parasitism? Examples? - Answer-✅The symbiont (parasite) receives benefits
at the host's expense, (+,-); fleas and dogs
/.What is mutualism? Examples? - Answer-✅Both the host and the symbiont benefit,
(+,+); clownfish and sea anemones
/.What is commensalism? Examples? - Answer-✅The symbiont benefits but the host is
unaffected, (+,0); egrets and cattle
, /.What is camouflage? - Answer-✅Cryptic coloration and countershading
/.What is aposematic coloration? - Answer-✅Advertises danger; usually red or black
/.What is Mullerian mimicry? - Answer-✅When two different species resemble each
other but both are distasteful
/.What is Batesian mimicry? - Answer-✅When a species resembles a distasteful
species to be avoided by predators
/.What is a "keystone" species? - Answer-✅A species in which the ecosystem largely
depends on; if it were removed, the environment would drastically change; an example
is starfish.
/.What are the organizational levels of animal complexity? - Answer-✅1. Protoplasmic
(protozoans), 2. Cellular (sponges), 3. Tissue, 4. Organ, 5. Organ-system
/.What is radial symmetry? - Answer-✅Any plane passing through the oral-aboral axis
divides the animal into mirror images; best for sessile lifestyle because it provides
confrontation with the environment equally from all sides and low mobility
/.What is bilateral symmetry? - Answer-✅One plane of symmetry that passes from the
anterior to the posterior to create mirror images; best for an active lifestyle because
there is cephalization and controlled movement
/.What is the sagittal plane? - Answer-✅Vertical plane that divides into left and right
sides
/.What is the frontal/coronal plane? - Answer-✅Vertical plane that divides into ventral
and dorsal parts
/.What is the transverse plane? - Answer-✅Vertical plane that divides into anterior and
posterior parts
/.Anterior - Answer-✅Head end
/.Posterior - Answer-✅Tail end
/.Dorsal - Answer-✅Back or upper side
/.Ventral - Answer-✅Front or belly side
/.Median/Medial - Answer-✅Midline of the body; towards the middle of the body
