Answers Verified 100% Correct
If and/but Only If Biconditional Family (According to Loophole) - ANSWER -If
and/but only if
but not otherwise
when and/but only when
all and only
Sufficient Assumption Stem + "most justifies" = ... - ANSWER -Pseudo Sufficient
Assumption
*Stem* The argument makes which one of the following assumptions? -
ANSWER -Necessary Assumption
*Stem* The Argument Assumes - ANSWER -Necessary Assumption
*Stem* Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument
relies? - ANSWER -Necessary Assumption
*Stem* Which one of the following is an assumption that the fundraiser's
argument depends on? - ANSWER -Necessary Assumption
*Stem* Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument? -
ANSWER -Necessary Assumption
*Stem* Which one of the following is an assumption made by the argument? -
ANSWER -Necessary Assumption
*Stem* Which one of the following is an assumption necessary for the critic's
conclusion to be properly drawn? - ANSWER -Necessary Assumption
,Some = - ANSWER -1-100
The *Some* Word family - ANSWER -Some, many, at least one, several
Most = - ANSWER -51-100
Not all = - ANSWER -a negated *some*
EG: "Not all feathers are in caps."
feathers <-s-> not in caps
The *Most* Word family - ANSWER -most, usually, probably, mostly, more
often than not
If you have an *ALL* statement, then you have a ... - ANSWER -MOST
statement *and* a SOME statement
If you have an *MOST* statement, then you have a ... - ANSWER -*SOME*
Statement
VALID Some/Most Inferences - ANSWER -(1) A <-s-> B -> C :: *A <-s-> C*
(2) A -m-> B -> C :: *A -m-> C*
(3) A -m-> B *+* A -m-> C :: * B <-s-> C*
Few = - ANSWER -1-50
A sufficient assumption ... - ANSWER -Proves the conclusion 100% true.
If the conclusion is true, then the necessary assumption... - ANSWER -Must also
be true
, What is the Assumption chain? - ANSWER -*Sufficient Assumption ->
Conclusion True -> Necessary Assumption*
The sufficient assumption proves the conclusion, and, in turn, the conclusion
proves the necessary assumption. This can also be read as a contrapositive chain:
*/Necessary Assumption -> Conclusion False -> /Sufficient Assumption*
/Necessary Assumption = The Loophole
The Sufficient Assumption Test - ANSWER -Does [assumption candidate] prove
the conclusion?
The Necessary Assumption Test - ANSWER -If the conclusion is true, must
[assumption candidate] be true?
The Loophole is simply ... - ANSWER -A negated necessary assumption!
*What if ... *
The 3 Commandments of the Loophole - ANSWER -1. The Loophole shall not
negate the premises
2. The Loophole shall not negate the conclusion
3. The Loophole is there. Find it.
(Loophole) Dangling Variable - ANSWER -New words that appear in the
conclusion and not in the premises
*What if these two things are not necessarily the same?*
Loophole: *X =/= Y* or *What if those two things are not necessarily the same?*