colloid fluids?
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large molecules, cannot cross semipermeable membranes
The normal pH of blood?
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7.35-7.45
Emphysema (COPD)
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Emphysema is part of COPD
destruction of alveolar wall, loss of elasticity, air trapping
90% caused by smoking
s/s: pursed lip breathing, mild cough, wheezing, diminished lung sounds,
thin w/ barrel chest
eventually hypoxia, right sided HF
cystic fibrosis
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autosomal recessive disorder of the exocrine glands
Decreased Cl- increased Na+ reabsorption
Overactivated secretions from exocrine glands, obstructive lung disease
(air trapping)
primarily effects lungs and digestive systems
but also sweat glands, pancreas, hepatic, billiary
Causes thick tenacious sputum, clubbing, barrel chest, air trapping
Treatments: bronchodilators, coughing methods and chest percussion,
antibiotics, nutrition
diagnostics: stook exam, sweat test, genetic marker, sputum culture, X ray
common complication: bronchiectasis (repeated infection and
inflammation leading to chronic dilation of bronchi)
atherosclerosis verses arteriosclerosis
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atherosclerosis - hardening of the lining due to fatty plaque materials,
mostly caused by unhealthy lifestyle
arteriosclerosis - hardening of vessel walls related to aging and genetics
Respiratory acidosis?
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pH < 7.35
pCO2 > 45 mmHg
Caused by impaired gas exchange, decreased CO2 excretion, COPD,
ARDS, head injury, sleep apnea, opioid overdose
can be compensated by metabolic increase HC03 and hyperventilation to
get rid of CO2 (which is causing acidosis)
Absolute anemia?
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actual decrease in number of red blood cells
Serum creatinine relationship with kidneys
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, Serum creatinine levels increase when kidneys aren't functioning sufficiently
Normal ranges:
female: 0.59 mg/dL o 1.04
male: 0.74 mg/dL - 1.35
Basophils (and mast cells)
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contain histamine, beginning of inflammatory response and allergic
symptoms
0.5 - 1% of WBC's
involved in wound healing
involved in asthma
Metabolic acidosis
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pH < 7.35
HCO3 < 22
Caused by: increase in metabolic acids (less bicarb because it's picking up
H+), or direct bicarb decrease due to DKA, starvation ketoacidosis, kidney
dysfunction, diarrhea, burns, hyperthyroidism, lactic acidosis, GI suctioning
What is a normal GFR?
Give this one a try later!
Give this one a try later!
large molecules, cannot cross semipermeable membranes
The normal pH of blood?
Give this one a try later!
7.35-7.45
Emphysema (COPD)
,Give this one a try later!
Emphysema is part of COPD
destruction of alveolar wall, loss of elasticity, air trapping
90% caused by smoking
s/s: pursed lip breathing, mild cough, wheezing, diminished lung sounds,
thin w/ barrel chest
eventually hypoxia, right sided HF
cystic fibrosis
Give this one a try later!
autosomal recessive disorder of the exocrine glands
Decreased Cl- increased Na+ reabsorption
Overactivated secretions from exocrine glands, obstructive lung disease
(air trapping)
primarily effects lungs and digestive systems
but also sweat glands, pancreas, hepatic, billiary
Causes thick tenacious sputum, clubbing, barrel chest, air trapping
Treatments: bronchodilators, coughing methods and chest percussion,
antibiotics, nutrition
diagnostics: stook exam, sweat test, genetic marker, sputum culture, X ray
common complication: bronchiectasis (repeated infection and
inflammation leading to chronic dilation of bronchi)
atherosclerosis verses arteriosclerosis
,Give this one a try later!
atherosclerosis - hardening of the lining due to fatty plaque materials,
mostly caused by unhealthy lifestyle
arteriosclerosis - hardening of vessel walls related to aging and genetics
Respiratory acidosis?
Give this one a try later!
pH < 7.35
pCO2 > 45 mmHg
Caused by impaired gas exchange, decreased CO2 excretion, COPD,
ARDS, head injury, sleep apnea, opioid overdose
can be compensated by metabolic increase HC03 and hyperventilation to
get rid of CO2 (which is causing acidosis)
Absolute anemia?
Give this one a try later!
actual decrease in number of red blood cells
Serum creatinine relationship with kidneys
Give this one a try later!
, Serum creatinine levels increase when kidneys aren't functioning sufficiently
Normal ranges:
female: 0.59 mg/dL o 1.04
male: 0.74 mg/dL - 1.35
Basophils (and mast cells)
Give this one a try later!
contain histamine, beginning of inflammatory response and allergic
symptoms
0.5 - 1% of WBC's
involved in wound healing
involved in asthma
Metabolic acidosis
Give this one a try later!
pH < 7.35
HCO3 < 22
Caused by: increase in metabolic acids (less bicarb because it's picking up
H+), or direct bicarb decrease due to DKA, starvation ketoacidosis, kidney
dysfunction, diarrhea, burns, hyperthyroidism, lactic acidosis, GI suctioning
What is a normal GFR?
Give this one a try later!
