What is clinical dehydration?
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ECV deficit and hypernatremia combined. Treatment: oral hydration is best
(Broths, and juices), IV 0.9 NS or LR (isotonic fluids).
Your client had thyroid surgery yesterday to remove a tumor. She tells you that it
seems weird that her lips are tingling. Which is your best response and why?
A. Check her K+ serum levels and notify the provider as this is a risk for cardiac arrest.
B. Check her urine output as oliguria can lead to hyperkalemia and her symptoms.
C. Check her Ca2+ serum levels and notify the provider as this is a risk for
laryngospasm.
D. Check her urine output as oliguria can lead to hypercalcemia and her symptoms.
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, C. Check her Ca2+ serum levels and notify the provider as this is a risk for
laryngospasm.
The nurse volunteering in the medical tent for a road race on a hot, humid day is
asked to see a runner who has collapsed on the road. The nurse notes he has sunken
eyes, a temperature of 100°F (37.7°C), and dizziness. These are signs of a fluid volume
deficit. Recognizing fluid volume deficit, which of these interventions does the nurse
carry out first?
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Give him an electrolyte solution by mouth.
Symptoms/causes hypervolemia
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Excess intake of Na+, and isotonic fluids (0.9 NS, Gatorade), meds. Renal
retention, or too much aldosterone. Symptoms are SOB, Crackles in the
lungs, Glucosteroids, crushing's syndrome
Mechanism of edema
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, Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (venous congestion, capillary flow)
Decrease blood oncotic pressure (loss of albumin, decrease protinc
synthesis)
Increase microvascular permeability
What is hydrostatic pressure?
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The arterial side pushed forced out of the vessel (filtration)
Mr. G. has chronic acid reflux. Which of the following process best describes what is
most likely to occur in his esophagus?
A. Atrophy of the squamous epithelial cells
B. Hypertrophy of the squamous epithelial cells
C. Hyperplasia of both squamous epithelial cells and columnar epithelial cells
D. Metaplasia with squamous epithelium replaced with columnar epithelium
E. Dysplasia of both epithelial cells and columnar epithelial cells
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D. Metaplasia with squamous epithelium replaced with columnar epithelium
A.Z. trains in Flagstaff since it has a very high altitude and his friends have improved
their endurance cycling after training there. How does his body adapt to the
decreased oxygen with high altitude?
A. Atrophy of RBC
B. Hypertrophy of RBC
C. Hyperplasia of RBC
, D. Metaplasia of RBC
E. Dysplasia of RBC
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C. Hyperplasia of RBC
What is putrefaction?
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The first part of decomposition, process of decay or rotting in a body or
other organic matter, by bacteria from the environment.
People who abuse alcohol on a chronic basis frequently develop hypomagnesemia
due to:
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Decreased magnesium intake.
Which statement most accurately conveys an aspect of cell injury due to impaired
calcium homeostasis?
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Injured cells tend to accumulate calcium.
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ECV deficit and hypernatremia combined. Treatment: oral hydration is best
(Broths, and juices), IV 0.9 NS or LR (isotonic fluids).
Your client had thyroid surgery yesterday to remove a tumor. She tells you that it
seems weird that her lips are tingling. Which is your best response and why?
A. Check her K+ serum levels and notify the provider as this is a risk for cardiac arrest.
B. Check her urine output as oliguria can lead to hyperkalemia and her symptoms.
C. Check her Ca2+ serum levels and notify the provider as this is a risk for
laryngospasm.
D. Check her urine output as oliguria can lead to hypercalcemia and her symptoms.
Give this one a try later!
, C. Check her Ca2+ serum levels and notify the provider as this is a risk for
laryngospasm.
The nurse volunteering in the medical tent for a road race on a hot, humid day is
asked to see a runner who has collapsed on the road. The nurse notes he has sunken
eyes, a temperature of 100°F (37.7°C), and dizziness. These are signs of a fluid volume
deficit. Recognizing fluid volume deficit, which of these interventions does the nurse
carry out first?
Give this one a try later!
Give him an electrolyte solution by mouth.
Symptoms/causes hypervolemia
Give this one a try later!
Excess intake of Na+, and isotonic fluids (0.9 NS, Gatorade), meds. Renal
retention, or too much aldosterone. Symptoms are SOB, Crackles in the
lungs, Glucosteroids, crushing's syndrome
Mechanism of edema
Give this one a try later!
, Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (venous congestion, capillary flow)
Decrease blood oncotic pressure (loss of albumin, decrease protinc
synthesis)
Increase microvascular permeability
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Give this one a try later!
The arterial side pushed forced out of the vessel (filtration)
Mr. G. has chronic acid reflux. Which of the following process best describes what is
most likely to occur in his esophagus?
A. Atrophy of the squamous epithelial cells
B. Hypertrophy of the squamous epithelial cells
C. Hyperplasia of both squamous epithelial cells and columnar epithelial cells
D. Metaplasia with squamous epithelium replaced with columnar epithelium
E. Dysplasia of both epithelial cells and columnar epithelial cells
Give this one a try later!
D. Metaplasia with squamous epithelium replaced with columnar epithelium
A.Z. trains in Flagstaff since it has a very high altitude and his friends have improved
their endurance cycling after training there. How does his body adapt to the
decreased oxygen with high altitude?
A. Atrophy of RBC
B. Hypertrophy of RBC
C. Hyperplasia of RBC
, D. Metaplasia of RBC
E. Dysplasia of RBC
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C. Hyperplasia of RBC
What is putrefaction?
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The first part of decomposition, process of decay or rotting in a body or
other organic matter, by bacteria from the environment.
People who abuse alcohol on a chronic basis frequently develop hypomagnesemia
due to:
Give this one a try later!
Decreased magnesium intake.
Which statement most accurately conveys an aspect of cell injury due to impaired
calcium homeostasis?
Give this one a try later!
Injured cells tend to accumulate calcium.
