PTSD
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These traumatic events or stressors would be expected to disrupt the life
of anyone who experienced them, not just individuals at risk for mental
health problems or issues.
They may develop an adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder, PTSD, or a
dissociative disorder as discussed in this chapter.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disturbing pattern of behavior
demonstrated by someone who has experienced, witnessed, or been
confronted with a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, combat, or an
assault. A person with PTSD was exposed to an event that posed actual or
threatened death or serious injury and responded with intense fear,
helplessness, or terror
"Life Events Checklist" that is used to screen individuals with a history of
exposure to some type of trauma.
Four subcategories of symptoms in PTSD include reexperiencing the
trauma through dreams or recurrent and intrusive thoughts, avoidance,
negative cognition or thoughts, being on guard, or hyperarousal.
, The person persistently reexperiences the trauma through memories,
dreams, flashbacks, or reactions to external cues about the event and
therefore avoids stimuli associated with the trauma. The victim feels a
numbing of general
Benzos short term or long term?
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Short Term
Therapeutic Milieu Planning
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Therapeutic Community or Milieu. Sullivan envisioned the goal of treatment
as the establishment of satisfying interpersonal relationships.
In the concept of therapeutic community or milieu, the interaction among
clients is seen as beneficial, and treatment emphasizes the role of this
client-to-client interaction
The concept of milieu therapy, originally developed by Sullivan, involved
clients' interactions with one another, including practicing interpersonal
relationship skills, giving one another feedback about behavior, and
working cooperatively as a group to solve day-to-day problems.
Management of the milieu, or environment, is still a primary role for the
nurse in terms of providing safety and protection for all clients and
promoting social interaction.
Depressed Adolescent Rapport (use of self disclosure)
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, Self-disclosure means revealing personal information such as biographical
information and personal ideas, thoughts, and feelings about oneself to
clients. Now, however, it is believed that some purposeful, well-planned
self-disclosure can improve rapport between the nurse and the client. The
nurse can use self-disclosure to convey support, educate clients, and
demonstrate that a client's anxiety is normal and that many people deal
with stress and problems in their lives.
Mental Health Refusal of Treatment
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Clients receiving mental health care retain all civil rights afforded to all
people except the right to leave the hospital in the case of involuntary
commitment. They have the right to refuse treatment, to send and receive
sealed mail, and to have or refuse visitors
Group Therapy
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In group therapy, clients participate in sessions with a group of people. The
members share a common purpose and are expected to contribute to the
group to benefit others and receive benefit from others in return. Group
rules are established, which all members must observe. These rules vary
according to the type of group. Being a member of a group allows the
client to learn new ways of looking at a problem or ways of coping with or
solving problems and also helps him or her learn important interpersonal
skills.
, Valproic Acid (Depakote) Monitoring Lab
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Valproic acid (Depakote), also known as divalproex sodium or sodium
valproate, is an anticonvulsant used for simple absence and mixed seizures,
migraine prophylaxis, and mania. The mechanism of action is unclear.
Therapeutic levels are monitored periodically to remain at 50 to 125 µg/mL,
as are baseline and ongoing liver function tests, including serum ammonia
levels and platelet and bleeding times.
Lithium Levels
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the serum lithium level should be about 1 mEq/L. Serum lithium levels of
less than 0.5 mEq/L are rarely therapeutic, and levels of more than 1.5
mEq/L are usually considered toxic. The lithium level should be monitored
every 2 to 3 days while the therapeutic dosage is being determined; then, it
should be monitored weekly. When the client's condition is stable, the level
may need to be checked once a month or less frequently.
Lithium & Creatinine
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GOOGLE:
Keeping the lithium level as low as possible can prevent renal impairment
If you take lithium, ask your healthcare provider about the following ways
to prevent kidney damage from lithium:
1. Avoid levels of lithium that are toxic for the kidneys.
2. Check blood levels of lithium to make sure you are taking the lowest
Give this one a try later!
These traumatic events or stressors would be expected to disrupt the life
of anyone who experienced them, not just individuals at risk for mental
health problems or issues.
They may develop an adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder, PTSD, or a
dissociative disorder as discussed in this chapter.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disturbing pattern of behavior
demonstrated by someone who has experienced, witnessed, or been
confronted with a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, combat, or an
assault. A person with PTSD was exposed to an event that posed actual or
threatened death or serious injury and responded with intense fear,
helplessness, or terror
"Life Events Checklist" that is used to screen individuals with a history of
exposure to some type of trauma.
Four subcategories of symptoms in PTSD include reexperiencing the
trauma through dreams or recurrent and intrusive thoughts, avoidance,
negative cognition or thoughts, being on guard, or hyperarousal.
, The person persistently reexperiences the trauma through memories,
dreams, flashbacks, or reactions to external cues about the event and
therefore avoids stimuli associated with the trauma. The victim feels a
numbing of general
Benzos short term or long term?
Give this one a try later!
Short Term
Therapeutic Milieu Planning
Give this one a try later!
Therapeutic Community or Milieu. Sullivan envisioned the goal of treatment
as the establishment of satisfying interpersonal relationships.
In the concept of therapeutic community or milieu, the interaction among
clients is seen as beneficial, and treatment emphasizes the role of this
client-to-client interaction
The concept of milieu therapy, originally developed by Sullivan, involved
clients' interactions with one another, including practicing interpersonal
relationship skills, giving one another feedback about behavior, and
working cooperatively as a group to solve day-to-day problems.
Management of the milieu, or environment, is still a primary role for the
nurse in terms of providing safety and protection for all clients and
promoting social interaction.
Depressed Adolescent Rapport (use of self disclosure)
Give this one a try later!
, Self-disclosure means revealing personal information such as biographical
information and personal ideas, thoughts, and feelings about oneself to
clients. Now, however, it is believed that some purposeful, well-planned
self-disclosure can improve rapport between the nurse and the client. The
nurse can use self-disclosure to convey support, educate clients, and
demonstrate that a client's anxiety is normal and that many people deal
with stress and problems in their lives.
Mental Health Refusal of Treatment
Give this one a try later!
Clients receiving mental health care retain all civil rights afforded to all
people except the right to leave the hospital in the case of involuntary
commitment. They have the right to refuse treatment, to send and receive
sealed mail, and to have or refuse visitors
Group Therapy
Give this one a try later!
In group therapy, clients participate in sessions with a group of people. The
members share a common purpose and are expected to contribute to the
group to benefit others and receive benefit from others in return. Group
rules are established, which all members must observe. These rules vary
according to the type of group. Being a member of a group allows the
client to learn new ways of looking at a problem or ways of coping with or
solving problems and also helps him or her learn important interpersonal
skills.
, Valproic Acid (Depakote) Monitoring Lab
Give this one a try later!
Valproic acid (Depakote), also known as divalproex sodium or sodium
valproate, is an anticonvulsant used for simple absence and mixed seizures,
migraine prophylaxis, and mania. The mechanism of action is unclear.
Therapeutic levels are monitored periodically to remain at 50 to 125 µg/mL,
as are baseline and ongoing liver function tests, including serum ammonia
levels and platelet and bleeding times.
Lithium Levels
Give this one a try later!
the serum lithium level should be about 1 mEq/L. Serum lithium levels of
less than 0.5 mEq/L are rarely therapeutic, and levels of more than 1.5
mEq/L are usually considered toxic. The lithium level should be monitored
every 2 to 3 days while the therapeutic dosage is being determined; then, it
should be monitored weekly. When the client's condition is stable, the level
may need to be checked once a month or less frequently.
Lithium & Creatinine
Give this one a try later!
GOOGLE:
Keeping the lithium level as low as possible can prevent renal impairment
If you take lithium, ask your healthcare provider about the following ways
to prevent kidney damage from lithium:
1. Avoid levels of lithium that are toxic for the kidneys.
2. Check blood levels of lithium to make sure you are taking the lowest
