PSYC 101 Modules 1–10 Exams & Final Exam
– Introduction to Psychology (2026) | Verified
Q&A – Portage Learning
Q001:
Topic: History/Research Methods
Stem: In 2025, a psychologist publishes an open-data replication of a 2010 cognitive
priming study and finds a much smaller effect.
Question: Which goal of psychological science is best advanced by this replication?
Options:
A. Description
B. Prediction
C. Control
D. Understanding
(Correct: D)
Rationale:
● Answer: D
● Why (2026 Standard): Replication clarifies the reliability and boundary conditions
of a phenomenon, deepening explanatory understanding.
, ● Errors: A describes initial study; B forecasts behavior; C manipulates
variables—none target mechanism clarification.
Q002:
Topic: History/Research Methods
Stem: Wilhelm Wundt’s 1879 lab at Leipzig emphasized introspection to study
consciousness.
Question: Which modern methodological feature was most lacking in Wundt’s approach?
Options:
A. Objective measurement
B. Random sampling
C. Informed consent
D. Double-blind design
(Correct: A)
Rationale:
● Answer: A
● Why (2026 Standard): Introspection is subjective and not publicly verifiable,
violating today’s emphasis on operational definitions.
● Errors: B sampling issues emerged later; C ethics codified post-1950s; D
drug-context specific.
Q003:
Topic: History/Research Methods
,Stem: A 2026 meta-analysis collapses data across 40 countries to test gender differences
in spatial ability.
Question: This project best illustrates which contemporary perspective?
Options:
A. Behavior genetics
B. Cross-cultural psychology
C. Cognitive neuroscience
D. Evolutionary psychology
(Correct: B)
Rationale:
● Answer: B
● Why (2026 Standard): Cross-cultural designs examine universality vs. cultural
specificity of psychological phenomena.
● Errors: A focuses on heritability; C brain mechanisms; D adaptive origins.
Q004:
Topic: History/Research Methods
Stem: A researcher hypothesizes that blue-enriched light improves sustained attention.
Question: In an experiment, the independent variable is:
Options:
A. Participants’ attention scores
, B. Color temperature of light
C. Time of day
D. Participants’ age
(Correct: B)
Rationale:
● Answer: B
● Why (2026 Standard): IV is manipulated factor—light color.
● Errors: A is DV; C potential confound; D participant characteristic.
Q005:
Topic: History/Research Methods
Stem: A psychologist uses stratified random sampling to ensure proportional
representation of ethnic groups.
Question: The primary benefit is increased:
Options:
A. Internal validity
B. External validity
C. Construct validity
D. Face validity
(Correct: B)
Rationale:
– Introduction to Psychology (2026) | Verified
Q&A – Portage Learning
Q001:
Topic: History/Research Methods
Stem: In 2025, a psychologist publishes an open-data replication of a 2010 cognitive
priming study and finds a much smaller effect.
Question: Which goal of psychological science is best advanced by this replication?
Options:
A. Description
B. Prediction
C. Control
D. Understanding
(Correct: D)
Rationale:
● Answer: D
● Why (2026 Standard): Replication clarifies the reliability and boundary conditions
of a phenomenon, deepening explanatory understanding.
, ● Errors: A describes initial study; B forecasts behavior; C manipulates
variables—none target mechanism clarification.
Q002:
Topic: History/Research Methods
Stem: Wilhelm Wundt’s 1879 lab at Leipzig emphasized introspection to study
consciousness.
Question: Which modern methodological feature was most lacking in Wundt’s approach?
Options:
A. Objective measurement
B. Random sampling
C. Informed consent
D. Double-blind design
(Correct: A)
Rationale:
● Answer: A
● Why (2026 Standard): Introspection is subjective and not publicly verifiable,
violating today’s emphasis on operational definitions.
● Errors: B sampling issues emerged later; C ethics codified post-1950s; D
drug-context specific.
Q003:
Topic: History/Research Methods
,Stem: A 2026 meta-analysis collapses data across 40 countries to test gender differences
in spatial ability.
Question: This project best illustrates which contemporary perspective?
Options:
A. Behavior genetics
B. Cross-cultural psychology
C. Cognitive neuroscience
D. Evolutionary psychology
(Correct: B)
Rationale:
● Answer: B
● Why (2026 Standard): Cross-cultural designs examine universality vs. cultural
specificity of psychological phenomena.
● Errors: A focuses on heritability; C brain mechanisms; D adaptive origins.
Q004:
Topic: History/Research Methods
Stem: A researcher hypothesizes that blue-enriched light improves sustained attention.
Question: In an experiment, the independent variable is:
Options:
A. Participants’ attention scores
, B. Color temperature of light
C. Time of day
D. Participants’ age
(Correct: B)
Rationale:
● Answer: B
● Why (2026 Standard): IV is manipulated factor—light color.
● Errors: A is DV; C potential confound; D participant characteristic.
Q005:
Topic: History/Research Methods
Stem: A psychologist uses stratified random sampling to ensure proportional
representation of ethnic groups.
Question: The primary benefit is increased:
Options:
A. Internal validity
B. External validity
C. Construct validity
D. Face validity
(Correct: B)
Rationale:
