module 1
fundamentals of psychology
Definition :
● psychology is the scientific study of behaviour of humans and animals ~ DR R HAMM
Meaning :
● Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. It studies how
people think ,How they feel, How they behave, And why they behave the way they
do.
● The word psychology comes from two Greek words:“Psyche” → mind or soul,
“Logos” → study
Characteristics
1. Psychology is a Science
Psychology is called a science because it does not depend on guesses or beliefs.
Psychologists observe, measure, and experiment to understand behavior. they come to
a conclusion based on facts.
2. Psychology Studies Behavior and Mental Processes
Psychology studies what people do and what happens inside their mind.
• Behavior means actions we can see, like talking, smiling, studying, fighting, or
helping others.
• Mental processes mean thinking, remembering, feeling emotions, dreaming,
learning, and making decisions. So, psychology studies both actions and thoughts.
3. Psychology is Objective and Systematic
• Objective means psychology studies behavior without personal opinion or
emotions. Everyone studying the same behavior should get similar results.
• Systematic means psychology follows a proper order and method, step by step.
4. Psychology Has Theoretical and Applied Values
, Psychology is useful in two ways:
• Theoretical value:
It helps us understand why people behave in certain ways.
For example, theories explain learning, memory, emotions, and personality.
• Applied value:
Psychology is used in real life situations like:
• Counseling people with stress or anxiety
• Helping teachers improve teaching
• Helping companies understand workers
• Improving sports performance
So, psychology is useful both for knowledge and daily life.
5. Psychology Acknowledges Individual Differences
Psychology accepts that everyone is different.
People differ in:
• Intelligence (some learn fastsome slow)
• Personality (introvert, extrovert)
• Emotions
• Interests and talents
Because of this, psychology does not treat everyone the same.
It helps teachers, counselors, and parents understand each person as an individual.
6. Psychology is Interdisciplinary
Psychology does not work alone. It is connected with many other subjects.
For example:
• From biology, it learns about the brain and nervous system
• From sociology, it learns about society and group behavior
• From medicine, it helps treat mental illnesses
• From education, it improves learning and teaching
By using ideas from other subjects, psychology understands behavior
better.
7. Psychology is School-Oriented
fundamentals of psychology
Definition :
● psychology is the scientific study of behaviour of humans and animals ~ DR R HAMM
Meaning :
● Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. It studies how
people think ,How they feel, How they behave, And why they behave the way they
do.
● The word psychology comes from two Greek words:“Psyche” → mind or soul,
“Logos” → study
Characteristics
1. Psychology is a Science
Psychology is called a science because it does not depend on guesses or beliefs.
Psychologists observe, measure, and experiment to understand behavior. they come to
a conclusion based on facts.
2. Psychology Studies Behavior and Mental Processes
Psychology studies what people do and what happens inside their mind.
• Behavior means actions we can see, like talking, smiling, studying, fighting, or
helping others.
• Mental processes mean thinking, remembering, feeling emotions, dreaming,
learning, and making decisions. So, psychology studies both actions and thoughts.
3. Psychology is Objective and Systematic
• Objective means psychology studies behavior without personal opinion or
emotions. Everyone studying the same behavior should get similar results.
• Systematic means psychology follows a proper order and method, step by step.
4. Psychology Has Theoretical and Applied Values
, Psychology is useful in two ways:
• Theoretical value:
It helps us understand why people behave in certain ways.
For example, theories explain learning, memory, emotions, and personality.
• Applied value:
Psychology is used in real life situations like:
• Counseling people with stress or anxiety
• Helping teachers improve teaching
• Helping companies understand workers
• Improving sports performance
So, psychology is useful both for knowledge and daily life.
5. Psychology Acknowledges Individual Differences
Psychology accepts that everyone is different.
People differ in:
• Intelligence (some learn fastsome slow)
• Personality (introvert, extrovert)
• Emotions
• Interests and talents
Because of this, psychology does not treat everyone the same.
It helps teachers, counselors, and parents understand each person as an individual.
6. Psychology is Interdisciplinary
Psychology does not work alone. It is connected with many other subjects.
For example:
• From biology, it learns about the brain and nervous system
• From sociology, it learns about society and group behavior
• From medicine, it helps treat mental illnesses
• From education, it improves learning and teaching
By using ideas from other subjects, psychology understands behavior
better.
7. Psychology is School-Oriented
