1. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
1.1 Meaning of Communication System
A communication system is a system that enables the exchange of information between two
points.
The major elements of a communication system are:
Transmitter
Communication Channel
Receiver
1.2 Types of Communication Systems
Based on the communication channel, systems are classified as:
Parallel wire communication
Twisted pair wire communication
Coaxial cable communication
Optical fiber communication
Ground wave communication
Sky wave communication
Space wave communication
Satellite communication
1.3 Examples of Communication Systems
Internet
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Intranet and Extranet
Television
Radio Broadcasting
Mobile Communication
Optical Fiber Communication
1.4 Components of a Communication System
Sender / Transmitter
Converts information into signals suitable for transmission using input devices and encoders.
Message / Information
Data being transmitted (text, audio, video, etc.).
, Analog data
Digital data
Transmission Medium / Channel
Path through which signals travel.
Wired
Wireless
Receiver
Receives and decodes signals using output devices.
Noise
Any disturbance that affects signal quality.
Feedback (Optional)
Confirms successful reception of information.
Protocol
Rules governing communication (syntax, semantics, timing).
1.5 Types of Data Flow
Simplex – One-way communication
Half Duplex – Both directions, but one at a time
Full Duplex – Simultaneous two-way communication
2. TRANSMISSION MEDIA
2.1 Guided Media (Wired Media)
Physical cables used for data transmission.
Types:
Twisted Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Optical Fiber Cable
Advantages:
High speed
Secure
Reliable
2.2 Unguided Media (Wireless Media)
Transmission through air using electromagnetic waves.
1.1 Meaning of Communication System
A communication system is a system that enables the exchange of information between two
points.
The major elements of a communication system are:
Transmitter
Communication Channel
Receiver
1.2 Types of Communication Systems
Based on the communication channel, systems are classified as:
Parallel wire communication
Twisted pair wire communication
Coaxial cable communication
Optical fiber communication
Ground wave communication
Sky wave communication
Space wave communication
Satellite communication
1.3 Examples of Communication Systems
Internet
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Intranet and Extranet
Television
Radio Broadcasting
Mobile Communication
Optical Fiber Communication
1.4 Components of a Communication System
Sender / Transmitter
Converts information into signals suitable for transmission using input devices and encoders.
Message / Information
Data being transmitted (text, audio, video, etc.).
, Analog data
Digital data
Transmission Medium / Channel
Path through which signals travel.
Wired
Wireless
Receiver
Receives and decodes signals using output devices.
Noise
Any disturbance that affects signal quality.
Feedback (Optional)
Confirms successful reception of information.
Protocol
Rules governing communication (syntax, semantics, timing).
1.5 Types of Data Flow
Simplex – One-way communication
Half Duplex – Both directions, but one at a time
Full Duplex – Simultaneous two-way communication
2. TRANSMISSION MEDIA
2.1 Guided Media (Wired Media)
Physical cables used for data transmission.
Types:
Twisted Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Optical Fiber Cable
Advantages:
High speed
Secure
Reliable
2.2 Unguided Media (Wireless Media)
Transmission through air using electromagnetic waves.
