PHLS 450 EPIDEMIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM | GORDIS
EPIDEMIOLOGY 6TH EDITION CELENTANO TEST BANK |
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?.
a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year
b. Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer)
c. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy
d. Sexual education program in elementary schools
e. Increasing taxes for buying
cigarettes ANS: B
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) is an example
in which when a disease is present the treatment (amputation) is done to reduce
the impact of disease by preventing the tumor from dissemination. Vaccination for
rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year, sexual education program in
elementary schools, and increasing taxes for buying cigarettes represent examples
of primary prevention. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of
pregnancy is an example of secondary prevention.
2. This historic character observed was more common among women treated by
physicians and medical students compared with women treated by midwives.
Based on his observations, he implemented a hand wash policy that resulted in
a decrease in mortality. Name the character that we are talking about.
a. John Snow
b. Edward Jenner
c. D.A. Henderson
d. Leon Gordis
e. I g n a z
Semmelweis ANS:
E
Ignaz Semmelweis identified that medical students and physicians transmitted the
,disease by not washing their hands after examining bodies at autopsies and
conducting multiple examinations in the clinic.
3. Thanks to the contributions of Edward Jenner, the following disease was
eradicated later by efforts organized by D.A. Henderson:
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
ANS: B
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Edward Jenner vaccinated James Phipps in
1796 against smallpox. Almost 200 years later, the World Health Organization
(WHO) commissioned
D.A. Henderson to lead the efforts to eradicate the disease.
4. Over the past century, a marked decline in the mortality rates of many infectious
diseases has been observed. Which of the following is the most likely reason for
the observed decline in mortality rates from common infectious diseases?
a. Development of penicillin
b. Development of insulin
c. Development of vaccines
d. Improvement in social conditions
e. Worse sanitation and unsafe
water ANS: D
Although medical treatments potentially helped in the decrease of infectious
diseases, the advancement in social conditions played a major role. These
improvements include better sanitation, safe disposal of waste, better nutrition,
,and improvement in housing conditions.
1. Which term most accurately describes the following definition? “The occurrence in a
community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or
other health- related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy.” [Porta M, ed.
A Dictionary of Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.]
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack rate
e. I n c u b a t i o n
period ANS: B
2. What is the most accurate definition of the incubation period (of an infectious
disease)?
a. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms
b. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the
onset of recognizable symptoms)
c. The time of invasion by an infectious agent
d. The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent
e. The period between exposure and the onset of
infectiousness ANS: B
The incubation period is defined as the interval from receipt of infection to the time
of onset of clinical illness (the onset of recognizable symptoms); in other words, the
time between the moment of developing symptoms and the moment of invasion by
an infectious agent. “The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of
recognizable symptoms” is not true as it corresponds to “time of onset.” “The time
of invasion by an infectious agent” is not true as it corresponds to “time of
infection.” “The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion
of the agent” and “The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousness”
, are not true as they correspond to the latent period. (The latent period is
EPIDEMIOLOGY 6TH EDITION CELENTANO TEST BANK |
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?.
a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year
b. Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer)
c. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy
d. Sexual education program in elementary schools
e. Increasing taxes for buying
cigarettes ANS: B
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) is an example
in which when a disease is present the treatment (amputation) is done to reduce
the impact of disease by preventing the tumor from dissemination. Vaccination for
rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year, sexual education program in
elementary schools, and increasing taxes for buying cigarettes represent examples
of primary prevention. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of
pregnancy is an example of secondary prevention.
2. This historic character observed was more common among women treated by
physicians and medical students compared with women treated by midwives.
Based on his observations, he implemented a hand wash policy that resulted in
a decrease in mortality. Name the character that we are talking about.
a. John Snow
b. Edward Jenner
c. D.A. Henderson
d. Leon Gordis
e. I g n a z
Semmelweis ANS:
E
Ignaz Semmelweis identified that medical students and physicians transmitted the
,disease by not washing their hands after examining bodies at autopsies and
conducting multiple examinations in the clinic.
3. Thanks to the contributions of Edward Jenner, the following disease was
eradicated later by efforts organized by D.A. Henderson:
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
ANS: B
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Edward Jenner vaccinated James Phipps in
1796 against smallpox. Almost 200 years later, the World Health Organization
(WHO) commissioned
D.A. Henderson to lead the efforts to eradicate the disease.
4. Over the past century, a marked decline in the mortality rates of many infectious
diseases has been observed. Which of the following is the most likely reason for
the observed decline in mortality rates from common infectious diseases?
a. Development of penicillin
b. Development of insulin
c. Development of vaccines
d. Improvement in social conditions
e. Worse sanitation and unsafe
water ANS: D
Although medical treatments potentially helped in the decrease of infectious
diseases, the advancement in social conditions played a major role. These
improvements include better sanitation, safe disposal of waste, better nutrition,
,and improvement in housing conditions.
1. Which term most accurately describes the following definition? “The occurrence in a
community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or
other health- related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy.” [Porta M, ed.
A Dictionary of Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.]
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack rate
e. I n c u b a t i o n
period ANS: B
2. What is the most accurate definition of the incubation period (of an infectious
disease)?
a. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms
b. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the
onset of recognizable symptoms)
c. The time of invasion by an infectious agent
d. The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent
e. The period between exposure and the onset of
infectiousness ANS: B
The incubation period is defined as the interval from receipt of infection to the time
of onset of clinical illness (the onset of recognizable symptoms); in other words, the
time between the moment of developing symptoms and the moment of invasion by
an infectious agent. “The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of
recognizable symptoms” is not true as it corresponds to “time of onset.” “The time
of invasion by an infectious agent” is not true as it corresponds to “time of
infection.” “The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion
of the agent” and “The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousness”
, are not true as they correspond to the latent period. (The latent period is
