MMED1007: HISTOLOGY QUESTIOS AND ANSWERS
Acuity - Answers -the ability to discriminate two objects that are close together (25
micrometers)
Tissue processing - Answers -- Fix
- Wash out fixative
- Dehydrate
- Wax
- Cut (microtome)
- Mount
- Rehydrate
- Stain
- Dehydrate
Eosin - Answers -Acidic dye, stains pink, binds to basic groups like proteins,
cytoplasmic filaments and extracellular fibres
Haematoxylin - Answers -basic dye, stains blue, binds to acid groups, like DNA and
RNA
PAS stain - Answers -stains carbohydrates (basement membranes)
Pericytes - Answers -help stabilize capillary walls and control permeability
Myofibroblasts - Answers -fibroblasts containing contractile fibers that are the
mechanism of wound contraction
myoepithelial cells - Answers -Squeeze apocrine gland secretions onto skin surface
In response to hormonal or nervous signal
striated muscle - Answers -A muscle that appears banded; also called skeletal muscle,
under voluntary control
Layers of Striated muscle - Answers -- myofibril
- Muscle fibre
- Endomysium
- Fascicle
- Perimysium
- muscle
- Epimysium
striations of skeletal muscle - Answers -Actin (thin)
Myosin (thick)
,Made of repeating series of DARK ("A" bands) + LIGHT ("I" bands).
smooth muscle - Answers -simple cigar shaped cells that are arranged in bundles
smooth muscle is found around most organs
innervated by motor neurones of autonomic motor system
cardiac muscle - Answers -Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.
Has striations and intercalated discs
connective tissue - Answers -It is an extracellular matrix of fibres running through a gel
substance called ground substance
Fibroblasts - Answers -secrete extracellular fibres and ground substance
Myofibroblasts - Answers -fibroblasts containing contractile fibers that are the
mechanism of wound contraction
Macrophages - Answers -White blood cells that phagocytose damaged cells
stem cells - Answers -unspecialized cells that retain the ability to become a wide variety
of specialized cells
Adipocytes - Answers -fat cells
mast cells - Answers -Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote
inflammation.
ground substance - Answers -a gel like material, containing water and ions
- proteoglycans
- glyvosaminoglycans
- glycoproteins
they form a brush that hods on water to create the gel
supports cell migration and regulated metabolism, cell to cell signalling
Collagen - Answers -is the major form in most connective tissue, stains pink and is laid
down by fibroblasts
Reticulin - Answers -Collagen type 3, does not Stain with H & E, found lots in basement
membranes
Elastin - Answers -protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue
central nervous system - Answers -brain and spinal cord
periferal nervous system - Answers -All other nerves in the body
, Basic features of nerves - Answers -- cell body
- Dendrites
- Axon
- Synapses
simple squamous epithelium - Answers -single layer of flattened cells
simple cuboidal epithelium - Answers -Made up of a single layer of cells that are as tall
as they are wide
simple columnar epithelium - Answers -Made up of a single layer of tall cells that fit
closely together,
stratified squamous epithelium - Answers -a thick layer of cells where the top layer is
squamous
stratified cuboidal epithelium - Answers -tissue that consists of two or more layers of
cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium - Answers -make up the skin, are a thick
layer of the cells, top layer is keratinised squamous
transitional epithelium - Answers -thick layer of cells, top layer are umbrella cells,
located in urinery tract
pseudostratified columnar epithelium - Answers -tissue that consists of a single layer of
irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in
ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract
Mesothelium - Answers -the epithelium found in serous membranes lining the ventral
body cavity and covering its organs
basement membrane - Answers -attach epithelial cells to connective tissue
Hemidesmisomes, attacks to intigrens, which attach to laminin which attaches to
reticular fibres
tight junctions - Answers -attaches cells together
adherents junctions - Answers -join cells together
Desmosomes - Answers -attach the cell membrane to the cytoskeleton
Hemidesmosomes - Answers -attach epithelial cells to the basement membrane
gap junctions - Answers -provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells
Acuity - Answers -the ability to discriminate two objects that are close together (25
micrometers)
Tissue processing - Answers -- Fix
- Wash out fixative
- Dehydrate
- Wax
- Cut (microtome)
- Mount
- Rehydrate
- Stain
- Dehydrate
Eosin - Answers -Acidic dye, stains pink, binds to basic groups like proteins,
cytoplasmic filaments and extracellular fibres
Haematoxylin - Answers -basic dye, stains blue, binds to acid groups, like DNA and
RNA
PAS stain - Answers -stains carbohydrates (basement membranes)
Pericytes - Answers -help stabilize capillary walls and control permeability
Myofibroblasts - Answers -fibroblasts containing contractile fibers that are the
mechanism of wound contraction
myoepithelial cells - Answers -Squeeze apocrine gland secretions onto skin surface
In response to hormonal or nervous signal
striated muscle - Answers -A muscle that appears banded; also called skeletal muscle,
under voluntary control
Layers of Striated muscle - Answers -- myofibril
- Muscle fibre
- Endomysium
- Fascicle
- Perimysium
- muscle
- Epimysium
striations of skeletal muscle - Answers -Actin (thin)
Myosin (thick)
,Made of repeating series of DARK ("A" bands) + LIGHT ("I" bands).
smooth muscle - Answers -simple cigar shaped cells that are arranged in bundles
smooth muscle is found around most organs
innervated by motor neurones of autonomic motor system
cardiac muscle - Answers -Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.
Has striations and intercalated discs
connective tissue - Answers -It is an extracellular matrix of fibres running through a gel
substance called ground substance
Fibroblasts - Answers -secrete extracellular fibres and ground substance
Myofibroblasts - Answers -fibroblasts containing contractile fibers that are the
mechanism of wound contraction
Macrophages - Answers -White blood cells that phagocytose damaged cells
stem cells - Answers -unspecialized cells that retain the ability to become a wide variety
of specialized cells
Adipocytes - Answers -fat cells
mast cells - Answers -Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote
inflammation.
ground substance - Answers -a gel like material, containing water and ions
- proteoglycans
- glyvosaminoglycans
- glycoproteins
they form a brush that hods on water to create the gel
supports cell migration and regulated metabolism, cell to cell signalling
Collagen - Answers -is the major form in most connective tissue, stains pink and is laid
down by fibroblasts
Reticulin - Answers -Collagen type 3, does not Stain with H & E, found lots in basement
membranes
Elastin - Answers -protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue
central nervous system - Answers -brain and spinal cord
periferal nervous system - Answers -All other nerves in the body
, Basic features of nerves - Answers -- cell body
- Dendrites
- Axon
- Synapses
simple squamous epithelium - Answers -single layer of flattened cells
simple cuboidal epithelium - Answers -Made up of a single layer of cells that are as tall
as they are wide
simple columnar epithelium - Answers -Made up of a single layer of tall cells that fit
closely together,
stratified squamous epithelium - Answers -a thick layer of cells where the top layer is
squamous
stratified cuboidal epithelium - Answers -tissue that consists of two or more layers of
cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium - Answers -make up the skin, are a thick
layer of the cells, top layer is keratinised squamous
transitional epithelium - Answers -thick layer of cells, top layer are umbrella cells,
located in urinery tract
pseudostratified columnar epithelium - Answers -tissue that consists of a single layer of
irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in
ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract
Mesothelium - Answers -the epithelium found in serous membranes lining the ventral
body cavity and covering its organs
basement membrane - Answers -attach epithelial cells to connective tissue
Hemidesmisomes, attacks to intigrens, which attach to laminin which attaches to
reticular fibres
tight junctions - Answers -attaches cells together
adherents junctions - Answers -join cells together
Desmosomes - Answers -attach the cell membrane to the cytoskeleton
Hemidesmosomes - Answers -attach epithelial cells to the basement membrane
gap junctions - Answers -provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells
