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Samenvatting Basiskennis Van Het Beroep deel 2A

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In dit document staan aantekeningen + uitwerking van de hoorcolleges over: endocrinologie, ademhaling, cardiovasculair systeem, cardiologie, vaataandoeningen, hematologie, circulatiestoornissen en medische aandoeningen van kinderen. Daarbij worden de aantekeningen verduidelijkt door vele afbeeldingen.

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rust

,Inhoud
College 1: Hormoonstelsel ......................................................................................................6
Eigenschappen hormoonstelsel ...........................................................................................6
Overzicht van hormoonstelsel: .............................................................................................6
Type hormonen: ...................................................................................................................6
Afgifte en transport ..............................................................................................................7
Hypothalamus .....................................................................................................................8
Hypofyse .............................................................................................................................8
Schildklier ......................................................................................................................... 10
Bijnieren ............................................................................................................................ 12
De bijnierschors................................................................................................................. 13
College 2: Hormonale aandoeningen ..................................................................................... 15
Hypothyreoïdie en hyperthyreoïdie ..................................................................................... 15
Hyperthyreoïdie: ................................................................................................................ 15
Hypothyreoïdie .................................................................................................................. 16
Aandoeningen die werking hebben op PTH .......................................................................... 17
Hyperparathyreoïdie .......................................................................................................... 17
Hypoparathyreoïdie ........................................................................................................... 17
Aandoeningen van de bijnieren ........................................................................................... 18
Syndroom van Cushing ...................................................................................................... 18
Bijnierschorsdeficiëntie ..................................................................................................... 19
College 4: Ademhaling ........................................................................................................... 20
Functies van het ademhalingsstelsel: ................................................................................. 20
Neus en neusholte ............................................................................................................. 20
Pharynx (keelholte) ............................................................................................................ 21
Larynx (strottenhoofd) ........................................................................................................ 21
Stembanden ...................................................................................................................... 22
Trachea (luchtpijp) ............................................................................................................. 22
Bronchiën .......................................................................................................................... 23
Opbouw van ademhalingsstelsel ........................................................................................ 24
Longen .............................................................................................................................. 25
Ademhalingsfysiologie: ...................................................................................................... 26
Partiële druk (P) ................................................................................................................. 27
Zuurstoftransport............................................................................................................... 27
College 5: Ademhalingsaandoeningen ................................................................................... 30
COPD ................................................................................................................................ 30

2

, Alfa-1-antitrypsine-deficiëntie (AAT).................................................................................... 31
ARDS................................................................................................................................. 32
Pneumonie ........................................................................................................................ 33
Acidose en alkalose ........................................................................................................... 34
Longcarcinoom.................................................................................................................. 35
College 7: Cardiovasculair systeem deel 1.............................................................................. 36
De plaats van het hart in de bloedsomloop ......................................................................... 36
Anatomie van het hart ........................................................................................................ 36
Spierweefsel van het hart ................................................................................................... 37
Inwendige anatomie van het hart ........................................................................................ 37
Bloedstroom in het hart...................................................................................................... 38
Linker en rechter ventrikel .................................................................................................. 39
Kleppen van het hart .......................................................................................................... 40
Bloedtoevoer naar het hart ................................................................................................. 41
Hartslag ............................................................................................................................ 41
Contractiecyclus van het hart: ............................................................................................ 41
Hartgeleiding ..................................................................................................................... 44
Electrocardiogram (ECG).................................................................................................... 44
De hartcyclus .................................................................................................................... 45
College 8: Cardiovasculair systeem deel 2.............................................................................. 47
Arteriën ............................................................................................................................. 47
Venen (aders) .................................................................................................................... 47
De bouw van de bloedvaten ............................................................................................... 47
Verschil tussen arteriën en venen ....................................................................................... 47
Capillair netwerk: haarvaten............................................................................................... 48
Doorbloeding:.................................................................................................................... 48
Bloeddruk.......................................................................................................................... 49
Regulering bloedcirculatie.................................................................................................. 49
Bloedvaten ........................................................................................................................ 50
College 10: Cardiologie.......................................................................................................... 51
Hypertensie ....................................................................................................................... 51
Ischemische hartziekten: angina pectoris ........................................................................... 53
Ritmestoornissen .............................................................................................................. 55
Hartfalen of decompensatio cordis..................................................................................... 56
College 11: Vaataandoeningen en behandeling....................................................................... 61
Dyslipidemie ..................................................................................................................... 61

3

, Atherosclerose .................................................................................................................. 62
College 13: Hematologie deel 1.............................................................................................. 65
Plasma .............................................................................................................................. 65
Hemoglobine ..................................................................................................................... 68
MCH en MCV ..................................................................................................................... 70
Bloedgroepen .................................................................................................................... 70
Bloedtransfusie ................................................................................................................. 70
Bloedplaatjes of trombocyten ............................................................................................ 71
Hemostase <> bloedstolling ............................................................................................... 71
Fase 1: Vasculaire fase: .................................................................................................. 71
Fase 2: Plaatjesfase ........................................................................................................ 71
Fase 3: Coagulatiefase ................................................................................................... 71
College 14: Hematologie deel 2.............................................................................................. 73
Anemie.............................................................................................................................. 73
Hemolyse – hemolytische anemie ...................................................................................... 75
Stollingsziekten: ................................................................................................................ 76
Trombofilie ........................................................................................................................ 77
College 16: Circulatiestoornissen .......................................................................................... 79
Hypocalciemie .................................................................................................................. 79
Hypercalciemie ................................................................................................................. 79
DVT en embolie ................................................................................................................. 80
Embolie: ............................................................................................................................ 82
Shock: ............................................................................................................................... 82
Intoxicatie ......................................................................................................................... 84
College 19: Ontwikkeling kinderen ......................................................................................... 85
Lichamelijke ontwikkeling .................................................................................................. 85
Motorische ontwikkeling: ................................................................................................... 85
Cognitieve ontwikkeling ..................................................................................................... 86
Normale pasgeborene (a terme = op tijd geboren) ............................................................... 87
College 20: medische aandoeningen deel 1 ............................................................................ 88
Cerebrale parese ............................................................................................................... 88
Spina bifida = neuraal buisdefect ........................................................................................ 88
Congenitale hartafwijking:.................................................................................................. 89
College 22 & 23: ontwikkeling peuters en kinderen, medische aandoeningen peuters en kinderen
en vaccinaties ....................................................................................................................... 90
Astma bij kinderen ............................................................................................................. 90

4

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