Med Surg Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances | Exam 2026 – 100+ Verified Q&A | Hypervolemia, Hypovolemia, Electrolytes, ABGs

This document offers over 100 exam-focused questions and expert-verified answers for the Medical-Surgical Nursing: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances unit, based on the 2026 curriculum. Presented in a high-yield Q&A format, it comprehensively reviews fluid volume disturbances and key electrolyte shifts encountered in clinical practice, making it ideal for exam prep and real-world application. Covered topics include hypervolemia and hypovolemia (with clinical signs such as JVD, pulmonary edema, and orthostatic hypotension), assessment of lab values (e.g., hematocrit, BUN, osmolality), and corresponding nursing interventions like I&O monitoring, weight tracking, seizure precautions, and fall risk prevention. The document explains critical lab interpretations such as azotemia, signs of dehydration vs. fluid overload, and conditions affecting BUN levels. A detailed breakdown of electrolyte imbalances is also included: Hypokalemia, hyperkalemia (ECG changes, insulin-K+ relationship) Hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia (neuromuscular effects, Chvostek and Trousseau signs) Acid-base imbalances like metabolic acidosis/alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis Clinical connections to DKA, SIADH, renal failure, and NG suction losses This document is an essential review tool for: Nursing students in Med-Surg, pathophysiology, and clinical courses NCLEX-RN/PN candidates reviewing high-yield content ADN and BSN programs covering fluid/electrolyte management Accelerated and bridge nursing programs preparing for exam success Keywords: fluid imbalance, hypervolemia, hypovolemia, dehydration, edema, hematocrit, BUN, osmolality, IV fluids, seizure precautions, electrolyte disorders, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, ECG changes, acid base balance, metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, NG suction, SIADH, DKA, insulin potassium, nursing interventions, lab values, urine output