NURS 403 - LAST EXAM OF NURSING SCHOOL COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS | FINAL EXAM 2026 UPDATE

NURS 403 - LAST EXAM OF NURSING SCHOOL COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS | FINAL EXAM 2026 UPDATE Q.What are the four lobes of the brain? - ANSWERS-Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital Q.Where is the frontal lobe located & what is it responsible for? - ANSWERS-Front of the brain Motor movement and personality Q.Where is the parietal lobe located & what is it responbile for? - ANSWERS-Behind frontal lobe & above temporal lobes Sensation & Perception Q.Where is the temporal lobe located and what is it responsible for? - ANSWERS-Side of the brain, below parietal lobe and posterior to frontal lobe. Sound recognition, speech, (Brocas and Wernickes area) and short term memory Q.Where is the occipital lobe located and what is it responsible for? - ANSWERS-Posterior portion of the skull behind all other lobes Vision Q.What does the brainstem consist of? - ANSWERS-The pons, medulla, and midbrain Basic functioning occurs and all motor/sensory information is relayed. 10/12 cranial nerves sit here Midbrain processes auditory and visual signals Medulla controls HR, RR, BP Pons controls RR / sleep-wake cycle Q.Where is the cerebellum located and what is it responsible for? - ANSWERS-Its located inferior to the occipital lobe. It is responsible for coordination of movement. Issues with this will result in problems w/ gait, unsteadiness. Q.What is the cerebral perfusion pressure? - ANSWERS-Pressure neeedd to ensure blood flow to the brain Normal CPP is 60-100mmHg Less than 50 will result in ischemia to the brain Less than 30 is incompatible with life Formula for CPP is MAP - ICP = CPP Q.What's a normal cerebral perfusion pressure? - ANSWERS-60-100 mmHg Q.What's the formula for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)? - ANSWERS-MAP - ICP = CPP Should be between 60-100 mmHg Q.What is autoregulation? - ANSWERS-the ability of tissues to regulate their own blood supply despite changes in perfusion (either constrict or dilate) Q.What are the layers of the meninges? - ANSWERS-dura mater (top) arachnoid mater (middle) pia mater (closest to brain) Q.Where is an epidural hematoma? - ANSWERS-Between the skull and the dura mater *Emergent* - requires surgery to save their life Q.Where is a Subdural Hematoma? - ANSWERS-between dura and arachnoid space Often associated with *venous* injuries Q.Where is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? - ANSWERS-Between the arachnoid mater and pia mater Often associated with *aneurysms* Q.How would intracranial pressure (ICP) be defined? - ANSWERS-The hydrostatic force measured in the brains compartments / pressure in the head. Q.What is a normal ICP reference range? - ANSWERS-0-15 mmHg Q.At what ICP level would you intervene for treatment? - ANSWERS-If the ICP is greater than 20 mmHg Q.What is the Monro-Kellie Doctrine? - ANSWERS-idea that the head is a closed shell and the three major components (brain, blood, and CSF) are in a state of dynamic equilibrium - as the volume of one goes up, the volume of another must go down This compensatory mechanism can only go on for so long. Q.What are the 3 components of the Monro-Kellie Doctrine? - ANSWERS-Brain Blood CSF Q.What's the gold standard assessment tool for level of consciousness? - ANSWERS-Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Q.What does the Glasgow Coma Scale measure? - ANSWERS-Eye opening Motor Response Verbal Response Q.What clinical manifestations would you anticipate with increased ICP? - ANSWERS-Headache (r/t compression of cerebral structures) Cushings Triad (Elevated BP, Bradycardia, Widening Pulse Pressure, irregular respirations) AMS (early sign) Blown Pupil (unilateral - dilated) - *late sign* Vomiting (not preceded by nausea) Posturing (decorticate - internal rotation and adduction of arms/legs) -- (decerebrate - external rotation and abduction of arms/legs) Q.What is Decorticate Posturing? - ANSWERS-Abnormal flexion: Hands pulled to chest and hyper-extended. Internal rotation and adduction of the arms with flexion of the elbows, wrists & fingers.