NSG527 MIDTERM EXAM PREP 2026 FULL
REVIEW SHEET TESTED QUESTIONS
◉ factors that influence pulse: temperature. Answer: fever and heat
increase pulse
hypothermia decrease pulse
◉ factors that influence pulse: acute pain. Answer: increase in
sympathetic activity will increase HR
effects of chronic pain/parasympathetic stimulation increases by
unrelieved pain which decreases HR
◉ factors that influence pulse: emotions. Answer: SNS increase pulse
(anxiety)
PNS decrease pulse
◉ factors that influence pulse: medications. Answer: epinephrine-
increase HR
beta adrenergic and CC blockers decrease HR
◉ factors that influence pulse: hemorrhage. Answer: sympathetic
stimulation by loss of blood increases HR
,◉ factors that influence pulse: postural changes. Answer: stand:
increases HR
lying down: decreases HR
◉ factors that influence pulse: pulmonary conditions. Answer:
(asthma, COPD)--> increased HR due to poor oxygenation
◉ tachycardia. Answer: Abnormally rapid HR >100bpm
◉ Bradycardia. Answer: abnormally slow HR <60bpm
◉ dysrhythmia. Answer: Abnormal heart rhythm/missed beats
◉ normal respiration range. Answer: 12-20 breaths per minute
deep and regular
◉ as you age you need _____ breaths/min. Answer: less
◉ factors affecting respiration. Answer: acute pain
exercise
anxiety
smoking
, body position
medications
neurological injuries
hemoglobin function
◉ factors affecting respiration: acute pain. Answer: pain may cause
shallow breathing
inhibits chest wall movement with chest/abdominal pain
◉ factors affecting respiration: exercise. Answer: increases
rate/depth so that the body can meet the oxygen demand and get rid
of carbon dioxide
◉ factors affecting respiration: anxiety. Answer: increases RR and
depth as result of sympathetic stimulation
◉ factors affecting respiration: smoking. Answer: changes
pulmonary airways
increase RR at rest when not smoking
◉ factors affecting respiration: body position. Answer:
straight/erect: full chest expansion
stooped/slumped: impaired
REVIEW SHEET TESTED QUESTIONS
◉ factors that influence pulse: temperature. Answer: fever and heat
increase pulse
hypothermia decrease pulse
◉ factors that influence pulse: acute pain. Answer: increase in
sympathetic activity will increase HR
effects of chronic pain/parasympathetic stimulation increases by
unrelieved pain which decreases HR
◉ factors that influence pulse: emotions. Answer: SNS increase pulse
(anxiety)
PNS decrease pulse
◉ factors that influence pulse: medications. Answer: epinephrine-
increase HR
beta adrenergic and CC blockers decrease HR
◉ factors that influence pulse: hemorrhage. Answer: sympathetic
stimulation by loss of blood increases HR
,◉ factors that influence pulse: postural changes. Answer: stand:
increases HR
lying down: decreases HR
◉ factors that influence pulse: pulmonary conditions. Answer:
(asthma, COPD)--> increased HR due to poor oxygenation
◉ tachycardia. Answer: Abnormally rapid HR >100bpm
◉ Bradycardia. Answer: abnormally slow HR <60bpm
◉ dysrhythmia. Answer: Abnormal heart rhythm/missed beats
◉ normal respiration range. Answer: 12-20 breaths per minute
deep and regular
◉ as you age you need _____ breaths/min. Answer: less
◉ factors affecting respiration. Answer: acute pain
exercise
anxiety
smoking
, body position
medications
neurological injuries
hemoglobin function
◉ factors affecting respiration: acute pain. Answer: pain may cause
shallow breathing
inhibits chest wall movement with chest/abdominal pain
◉ factors affecting respiration: exercise. Answer: increases
rate/depth so that the body can meet the oxygen demand and get rid
of carbon dioxide
◉ factors affecting respiration: anxiety. Answer: increases RR and
depth as result of sympathetic stimulation
◉ factors affecting respiration: smoking. Answer: changes
pulmonary airways
increase RR at rest when not smoking
◉ factors affecting respiration: body position. Answer:
straight/erect: full chest expansion
stooped/slumped: impaired
