CFRN FINAL EXAM 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is the adequate urine output formula for adults? - ✔✔0.5cc/kg/hr
✔✔What is the adequate urine output formula for pediatrics? - ✔✔1cc/kg/hr
✔✔What is the the formula for ideal tidal volume? - ✔✔5ml/kg
✔✔What is normal serum osmo? - ✔✔275-295
✔✔What is the octreotide dose for GI bleed? - ✔✔25-100mcg IV bolus
25-50mcg/hr infusion continuous
✔✔What is Hamman's sign? - ✔✔mediastinal crunch or clicking produced by heart
beating against air-filled tissues
✔✔What is Hamman's sign and what does it indicate? - ✔✔Pneumomediastinum or
boerhaave's tears
✔✔Unsolved pancreatitis can lead to what life threatening condition? - ✔✔ARDS
✔✔Which LFT labs increase with pancreatitis? - ✔✔Amylase and Lipase
✔✔What is grey turner's sign? - ✔✔ecchymosis at the flank due to retroperitoneal bleed
(pancreatic hemmorhage)
✔✔What is cullen's sign? - ✔✔ecchymosis at the umbilicus due to retroperitoneal bleed
✔✔What is Virchow's triad? - ✔✔1. Venous stasis
2. Hypercoagulability
3. Trauma to a vessel
✔✔What is Homan's sign? - ✔✔Dorisflexion of foot causing tender calf muscle.
✔✔What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level - ✔✔760mmHg or 760 torr
✔✔What is the atmospheric pressure at 18k feet? - ✔✔380 torr
✔✔What altitude is the physiologic deficient zone? - ✔✔10k to 50k feet
✔✔Oxygen is required above 10k feet for any time greater than how many minutes? -
✔✔10 minutes
,✔✔What is the body's PaO2 at 10k feet ? - ✔✔61mmHg
SaO2 90%
✔✔What is the TUC at 30k if your aircraft loses altitude, what if you lose it quickly? -
✔✔90 Seconds
45 seconds
✔✔In decompression sickness nitrogen diffuses across the membranes due to which
law? - ✔✔Henry's law
✔✔What are the three most important landmarks in intubation? - ✔✔Epiglottis
Vallecula
Cords (true cords)
✔✔What is the order of operations for intubation? - ✔✔1) sniffing position
2) insert blade into mouth
3) advance blade down tongue until epiglottis or chords are visible
4) advance blade tip into vallecula fossa
5) lift glottis
6) slide tube in right side of mouth and advance towards chords
7) pass through the cords
8) advance 2-3 cm
9) inflate cuff
10) attach ETCo2 or capno device
11) auscultate breath sounds on both sides
12) secure tube
✔✔What is the oxygen adjustment for descent formula? - ✔✔fio2 x p1 (current
atmospheric pressure) / p2 expected atmospheric pressure
✔✔For every 1000 feet increase in altitude what will the temperature decrease be? -
✔✔-2 degrees
✔✔Is Barodontalgia an ascent or a descent problem? - ✔✔ascent
✔✔Is Barotitis Media an ascent or a descent problem? - ✔✔descent
✔✔Is Barosinusitis an ascent problem or a descent problem? - ✔✔descent
✔✔What is Barobariatrauma? - ✔✔Acts like decompression sickness. Common in
morbidly obese PT. Nitrogen Narcosis when reaching altitude
✔✔What is the treatment for barobariatrauma? - ✔✔Hyperoxygenation, descent
, ✔✔How can you prevent barobariatrauma? - ✔✔Pre oxygenation prior to flight
✔✔While diving you will experience an additional atmosphere of pressure for every
_____ feet you descent. - ✔✔33 feet
✔✔The greatest pressure changes you experience are within the first ___ feet of diving
and first _____ feet ascending - ✔✔4 feet underwater
5000 in the air
✔✔During flight you may experience low frequency vibrations from______ - ✔✔1-12Hz
✔✔What are the self-imposed stressors of flight? (DEATH) - ✔✔Dehydrations
exhaustion
alcohol
tobacco
✔✔What are two examples of stagnant hypoxia? - ✔✔Cardiogenic shock
G forces
✔✔What are the 3 causes of hypemic hypoxia? - ✔✔CO poisoning
anemia
sickle cell disease
✔✔What are the four stages of hypoxia? - ✔✔Indifference - 0-10,000 (decrease in night
vision @ 4,000 ft)
Compensatory - 10,000-15,000 (Drowsiness, poor judgement, impaired coordination)
Disturbance - 15,000-20,000 (Impaired FLT control)
Critical - 20,000+ (Death)
✔✔Which gravitational force is the best tolerated? - ✔✔Gx
anterior - posterior
starting and stopping in the plane of x
✔✔What is the PQR-ABC-DEFGHI method of reading CXR? - ✔✔P- Position, posterior
anterior upright or Anterior posterior supine?
Q - quality, shot at full inspiration? adequate penetration? All borders of lungs in shot?
R - rotation? are the proximal ends of the clavicles equidistance from the vertebral
bodies?
Airway - trachea midline?
Bones and tissue - look on edges for break, look between ribs for displacement of tissue
Cardiac - is the right border of the heart clear and defined? if not could indicate middle
lobe injury
Diaphragm - right hemidiaphragm should be slightly higher than the left due to liver,
deep costophrenic sulcus? diaphragm descending exceedingly and sharply low like a
horseshoe means possible pneumo
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is the adequate urine output formula for adults? - ✔✔0.5cc/kg/hr
✔✔What is the adequate urine output formula for pediatrics? - ✔✔1cc/kg/hr
✔✔What is the the formula for ideal tidal volume? - ✔✔5ml/kg
✔✔What is normal serum osmo? - ✔✔275-295
✔✔What is the octreotide dose for GI bleed? - ✔✔25-100mcg IV bolus
25-50mcg/hr infusion continuous
✔✔What is Hamman's sign? - ✔✔mediastinal crunch or clicking produced by heart
beating against air-filled tissues
✔✔What is Hamman's sign and what does it indicate? - ✔✔Pneumomediastinum or
boerhaave's tears
✔✔Unsolved pancreatitis can lead to what life threatening condition? - ✔✔ARDS
✔✔Which LFT labs increase with pancreatitis? - ✔✔Amylase and Lipase
✔✔What is grey turner's sign? - ✔✔ecchymosis at the flank due to retroperitoneal bleed
(pancreatic hemmorhage)
✔✔What is cullen's sign? - ✔✔ecchymosis at the umbilicus due to retroperitoneal bleed
✔✔What is Virchow's triad? - ✔✔1. Venous stasis
2. Hypercoagulability
3. Trauma to a vessel
✔✔What is Homan's sign? - ✔✔Dorisflexion of foot causing tender calf muscle.
✔✔What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level - ✔✔760mmHg or 760 torr
✔✔What is the atmospheric pressure at 18k feet? - ✔✔380 torr
✔✔What altitude is the physiologic deficient zone? - ✔✔10k to 50k feet
✔✔Oxygen is required above 10k feet for any time greater than how many minutes? -
✔✔10 minutes
,✔✔What is the body's PaO2 at 10k feet ? - ✔✔61mmHg
SaO2 90%
✔✔What is the TUC at 30k if your aircraft loses altitude, what if you lose it quickly? -
✔✔90 Seconds
45 seconds
✔✔In decompression sickness nitrogen diffuses across the membranes due to which
law? - ✔✔Henry's law
✔✔What are the three most important landmarks in intubation? - ✔✔Epiglottis
Vallecula
Cords (true cords)
✔✔What is the order of operations for intubation? - ✔✔1) sniffing position
2) insert blade into mouth
3) advance blade down tongue until epiglottis or chords are visible
4) advance blade tip into vallecula fossa
5) lift glottis
6) slide tube in right side of mouth and advance towards chords
7) pass through the cords
8) advance 2-3 cm
9) inflate cuff
10) attach ETCo2 or capno device
11) auscultate breath sounds on both sides
12) secure tube
✔✔What is the oxygen adjustment for descent formula? - ✔✔fio2 x p1 (current
atmospheric pressure) / p2 expected atmospheric pressure
✔✔For every 1000 feet increase in altitude what will the temperature decrease be? -
✔✔-2 degrees
✔✔Is Barodontalgia an ascent or a descent problem? - ✔✔ascent
✔✔Is Barotitis Media an ascent or a descent problem? - ✔✔descent
✔✔Is Barosinusitis an ascent problem or a descent problem? - ✔✔descent
✔✔What is Barobariatrauma? - ✔✔Acts like decompression sickness. Common in
morbidly obese PT. Nitrogen Narcosis when reaching altitude
✔✔What is the treatment for barobariatrauma? - ✔✔Hyperoxygenation, descent
, ✔✔How can you prevent barobariatrauma? - ✔✔Pre oxygenation prior to flight
✔✔While diving you will experience an additional atmosphere of pressure for every
_____ feet you descent. - ✔✔33 feet
✔✔The greatest pressure changes you experience are within the first ___ feet of diving
and first _____ feet ascending - ✔✔4 feet underwater
5000 in the air
✔✔During flight you may experience low frequency vibrations from______ - ✔✔1-12Hz
✔✔What are the self-imposed stressors of flight? (DEATH) - ✔✔Dehydrations
exhaustion
alcohol
tobacco
✔✔What are two examples of stagnant hypoxia? - ✔✔Cardiogenic shock
G forces
✔✔What are the 3 causes of hypemic hypoxia? - ✔✔CO poisoning
anemia
sickle cell disease
✔✔What are the four stages of hypoxia? - ✔✔Indifference - 0-10,000 (decrease in night
vision @ 4,000 ft)
Compensatory - 10,000-15,000 (Drowsiness, poor judgement, impaired coordination)
Disturbance - 15,000-20,000 (Impaired FLT control)
Critical - 20,000+ (Death)
✔✔Which gravitational force is the best tolerated? - ✔✔Gx
anterior - posterior
starting and stopping in the plane of x
✔✔What is the PQR-ABC-DEFGHI method of reading CXR? - ✔✔P- Position, posterior
anterior upright or Anterior posterior supine?
Q - quality, shot at full inspiration? adequate penetration? All borders of lungs in shot?
R - rotation? are the proximal ends of the clavicles equidistance from the vertebral
bodies?
Airway - trachea midline?
Bones and tissue - look on edges for break, look between ribs for displacement of tissue
Cardiac - is the right border of the heart clear and defined? if not could indicate middle
lobe injury
Diaphragm - right hemidiaphragm should be slightly higher than the left due to liver,
deep costophrenic sulcus? diaphragm descending exceedingly and sharply low like a
horseshoe means possible pneumo
