Portage Learning BIOD 101 Final Exam | Questions and
verified Answers (Already Passed) | A+ Graded | 2026
Updated | 100% correct
What is matter, and what states can it exist in? - ANSWER- Matter is anything that occupies
space
Liquid, solid, gas, and plasma are the states of matter
Explain the difference between essential and trace elements - ANSWER- Essential elements
are those that are required for human life
Trace elements are only needed in small quantities
Ionic bond - ANSWER- Generated based on the attraction between oppositely charged
particles
Covalent bond - ANSWER- Occurs when electron are shared by two atoms to complete the
valence shell of both
Hydrogen bonds - ANSWER- Forms a relatively weak bond that is easily broken
Cations and Anions - ANSWER- Cations are positively charged ions
Anions are negatively charged ions
What are carbohydrates? - ANSWER- Sugars made up of C, H, O
Primary source of fuel
Why are lipids unique among the biomacromolecules? - ANSWER- Water insoluble
Not monomers -- assembled from smaller molecules that are linked together
, Why are lipids insoluble in water? - ANSWER- They are made of non-polar hydrocarbon
chains
Water is polar, so it only dissolves other polar or ionically bonded substances
Describe the structure of a phospholipid - ANSWER- Polar head: charged phosphate group
and a nitrogen-containing group
Non-polar tail group: hydrocarbon chain
Name the functions of proteins - ANSWER- Enzymes
Hormones
Store amino acids
Form antibodies
Carriers for transport and membrane channels
Cell surface receptors
Structural molecules
Describe how the shape of a protein is related to its function - ANSWER- Proteins can be
assembled into a variety of shapes which allows them to serve a variety of functions. Some
functions of proteins are to make many needed protective tissues such as skin, hair, and
fingernails. Proteins also form enzymes (catalysts that speed up chemical reactions) and are
used to make needed substances such as hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red blood cells (
verified Answers (Already Passed) | A+ Graded | 2026
Updated | 100% correct
What is matter, and what states can it exist in? - ANSWER- Matter is anything that occupies
space
Liquid, solid, gas, and plasma are the states of matter
Explain the difference between essential and trace elements - ANSWER- Essential elements
are those that are required for human life
Trace elements are only needed in small quantities
Ionic bond - ANSWER- Generated based on the attraction between oppositely charged
particles
Covalent bond - ANSWER- Occurs when electron are shared by two atoms to complete the
valence shell of both
Hydrogen bonds - ANSWER- Forms a relatively weak bond that is easily broken
Cations and Anions - ANSWER- Cations are positively charged ions
Anions are negatively charged ions
What are carbohydrates? - ANSWER- Sugars made up of C, H, O
Primary source of fuel
Why are lipids unique among the biomacromolecules? - ANSWER- Water insoluble
Not monomers -- assembled from smaller molecules that are linked together
, Why are lipids insoluble in water? - ANSWER- They are made of non-polar hydrocarbon
chains
Water is polar, so it only dissolves other polar or ionically bonded substances
Describe the structure of a phospholipid - ANSWER- Polar head: charged phosphate group
and a nitrogen-containing group
Non-polar tail group: hydrocarbon chain
Name the functions of proteins - ANSWER- Enzymes
Hormones
Store amino acids
Form antibodies
Carriers for transport and membrane channels
Cell surface receptors
Structural molecules
Describe how the shape of a protein is related to its function - ANSWER- Proteins can be
assembled into a variety of shapes which allows them to serve a variety of functions. Some
functions of proteins are to make many needed protective tissues such as skin, hair, and
fingernails. Proteins also form enzymes (catalysts that speed up chemical reactions) and are
used to make needed substances such as hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red blood cells (
