BSN 206 FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING FUNDAMENTALS
(HALLMARK) EXAM– NIGHTINGALE COLLEGE
origination of the word "nurse" -ANSWER-from the latin word "nutrix" meaning to nourish
Interrelated roles of nurses -ANSWER-communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher,
advocate, collaborator
coping with disability and death -ANSWER-nurses use optimal function of maximum
strengths and potentials, refer to community support systems; provide care to families and
patients during end-of-life care, hospice
The Nursing Process -ANSWER--one of major guidelines for nursing practice
-helps nurses implement their roles
-integrates art and science of nursing
-allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning
-defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing
Nurse Practice Acts -ANSWER--define legal scope of nursing practice
-create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation
-define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and titles for
RNs and LPNs
- established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses
5 vital signs -ANSWER-respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria -ANSWER--well defined body
specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
,-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale -ANSWER-defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated
nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of
modern nursing
Clara Barton -ANSWER-established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union
soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
sources of knowledge -ANSWER--traditional ( passed down from generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's perceived
expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
objective -ANSWER-you can see the object
subjective -ANSWER-coming from that subject
types of knowledge -ANSWER--science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating, and
explaining events and occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to
develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired result)
goals of nursing research -ANSWER--improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
, -develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
deductive reasoning -ANSWER-examines a general idea and then considers specific actions
or ideas
inductive reasoning -ANSWER-one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about
general ideas
health -ANSWER-a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity
illness -ANSWER-the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process
involving changed level of functioning
wellness -ANSWER-an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good
physical, mental, and emotional health
nursing theory -ANSWER-differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it
serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes
of nursing care practices
evidence-based practice (EBP) -ANSWER-a problem-solving approach to making clinical
decisions, using the best evidence available; blends both science and art of nursing so best
outcomes are achieved; may consist of specific nursing interventions or use guidelines
established for the care of patients
steps in implementing EBP -ANSWER-Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest
or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
(HALLMARK) EXAM– NIGHTINGALE COLLEGE
origination of the word "nurse" -ANSWER-from the latin word "nutrix" meaning to nourish
Interrelated roles of nurses -ANSWER-communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher,
advocate, collaborator
coping with disability and death -ANSWER-nurses use optimal function of maximum
strengths and potentials, refer to community support systems; provide care to families and
patients during end-of-life care, hospice
The Nursing Process -ANSWER--one of major guidelines for nursing practice
-helps nurses implement their roles
-integrates art and science of nursing
-allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning
-defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing
Nurse Practice Acts -ANSWER--define legal scope of nursing practice
-create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation
-define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and titles for
RNs and LPNs
- established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses
5 vital signs -ANSWER-respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria -ANSWER--well defined body
specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
,-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale -ANSWER-defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated
nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of
modern nursing
Clara Barton -ANSWER-established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union
soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
sources of knowledge -ANSWER--traditional ( passed down from generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's perceived
expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
objective -ANSWER-you can see the object
subjective -ANSWER-coming from that subject
types of knowledge -ANSWER--science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating, and
explaining events and occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to
develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired result)
goals of nursing research -ANSWER--improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
, -develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
deductive reasoning -ANSWER-examines a general idea and then considers specific actions
or ideas
inductive reasoning -ANSWER-one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about
general ideas
health -ANSWER-a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity
illness -ANSWER-the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process
involving changed level of functioning
wellness -ANSWER-an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good
physical, mental, and emotional health
nursing theory -ANSWER-differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it
serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes
of nursing care practices
evidence-based practice (EBP) -ANSWER-a problem-solving approach to making clinical
decisions, using the best evidence available; blends both science and art of nursing so best
outcomes are achieved; may consist of specific nursing interventions or use guidelines
established for the care of patients
steps in implementing EBP -ANSWER-Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest
or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
