NUR253/ NUR 253 Exam 2 (NEW 2026/ 2027 Update) Concepts of Mental Health Nursing Guide| Comprehensive Q&A| Grade A| 100% Correct (Accurate Solutions)- Galen

NUR253/ NUR 253 Exam 2 (NEW 2026/ 2027 Update) Concepts of Mental Health Nursing Guide| Comprehensive Q&A| Grade A| 100% Correct (Accurate Solutions)- Galen Q. In the results section of research report, the investigation describes the themes generated from the data analysis. Which type of ____(?) the research process? A. experimental B. Qualitative C. Mixed methods D. Quantitative ANSWER B. Qualitative Q. Which is most likely to be used to describe the subset of the group of interest in a research study? A. population B. Hypothesis C. Sample D. Phenomena ANSWER C. Sample Q. A study's results indicate a significant difference, with a p value equal or less than .001. How would the nurse interpret this result? A. 1 percent of the results are significant B. The sample included .1% of the population being studied C. The significance level is low and should not be considered for practice D. The results would occur by chance 1 out of 1000 times ANSWER D. The results would occur by chance 1 out of 1000 times Q. Which of the following are commonly used in research to describe the process of implementing the research study? A. Themes, significant, multivariate B. Limitations, recommendations, implications C. Problem, theory, hypothesis D. Measures, samples, procedure ANSWER D. Measures, samples, procedure Q. In which of the following sections of a research report would the nurse look for researcher's description of the final decisions regarding the ____(?) A. problem B. conclusions C. results D. methods ANSWER B. conclusions Q. Which of the following factors would NOT limit the study conclusions A. sampling procedures B. study measures C. study design D. inadequate summary of key findings ANSWER D. inadequate summary of key findings Q. ______________ is the verification of results from other studies. A. Generalization B. Meta-analysis C. Systematic review D. Replication ANSWER D. Replication Q. Common errors in research reports include which of the following (select all that apply) A. presenting a confusing summary of key findings B. The research study contradicts previous reports C. Over interpretation of the meaning of the results D. Using cautious language when interpreting the study results ANSWER A, C A. presenting a confusing summary of key findings C. Over interpretation of the meaning of the results Q. Which term should be used to describe the process of creating a picture of an abstract idea such as health? A. Speculation B. Replication C. Conceptualization D. Comparison ANSWER C. conceptualization Q. Which of the following statements describes the purpose of the discussion section of a research report? A. it provides a detailed description of the study limitations B. it summarizes, compares, and speculates about the results of the study C.It conceptualizes the meaning of the study results or findings D.It analyzes the relationship between the variables named in the study ANSWER B. it summarizes, compares, and speculates about the results of the study Q. Distress ANSWER bad stress negative , draining energy resulting in anxiety , depression , Confusion helplessness , & fatigue Q. Eustress ANSWER Good/Normal Stress Q. Effects of stress on the body ANSWER Increased BP & HR & blood glucose Increased risk of MI & CVA Decreased Immune Response Increased or decreased appetite Q. Stress Busters ANSWER Biofeedback Guided Imagery Progressive Relaxation Meditation Cognitive reframing Journaling Humor Sleep Exercise Decreased or stop caffeine intake Music Pets Massage Q. Schizophrenia Risk Factors Genetics *Ask about family hx* ANSWER Neurobiological Brain structure abnormalities Prenatal Stressors Environmental factors Q. Prodromal Mild changes to thinking & mood but does not meet criteria Odd or Eccentric Concentration, school or job performance & social functioning can deteriorate Q. Acute ANSWER Sx vary from few/mild to many & disabling Functioning is impaired Needed increased support & possible hospitalization Q. Stabilization ANSWER Sx stabilize & return to level of functioning if possible Q. Maintenance & Residual ANSWER Stabilized New baseline established Q. Anosognosia ANSWER denial of illness Q. Positive Symptoms ANSWER Presence of sx that should not be present -hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, bizarre behaviors Q. Associative Looseness ANSWER haphazard and illogical thinking where concentration is poor and individuals loosely associate their thoughts Q. Clang ANSWER A rhyme used by some persons with schizophrenia as a guide to forming thoughts and statements. Q. Neologism ANSWER Words that have meaning but a different or nonexistent meaning to others Negative Symptoms Absence of qualities that should be present Blunted affect, anhedonia, avolition, apathy Types of Delusions Persecutory- singled out Referential- belief that events with no connection are related to you Grandiose Erotomanic Nihilistic Somatic Control Psychosis Risks Poor Hygiene Resistance to tx Checking Meds Anosognosia Avoiding peers Depression Poor self esteem Fall risk- Orthostatic hypotension Chocking Restlessness Delusional Patient Build trust Never debate Promote reality testing 1st generation antipsychotics works on postive symptoms ONLY SE: Acute Dystonia, Akathisia, Pseudoparkinsonism, Tardive Dyskinesia Anticholingeric side effects- dry mouth, tachycardia, constipation, blurred vision Second Generation Antipsychotics Positive & Negative Symptoms Metabolic Syndrome Increased weight, lipids, blood glucose, insulin resistance Dangerous Side effects antipsychotics Anticholingeric toxicity NMS Agranulocytosis Prolonged QT Interval Liver Impairment Bipolar Considerations Safety for us,pt & others Feeding, Sleeping, Mood stabilization Bipolar 1 Most severe Experience 1 manic episode *hospiatlization Initially -happy, doesn't eat or sleep, engaging in hazardous activities Mania Intensifies -hallucination, disturbed thoughts Agitated -irritable, depression-can be dangerous Bipolar 2 No psychosis 1 hypomania & 1 depressive episode Hypomania-leads to euphoria & increased functioning Does not disturb functioning *No Hospialization DIG FAST Distractibility Indiscretion Grandiosity Flight of Ideas Activity (increase) Sleep Deficit Talkactive Thought Processes & Speech Patterns pressured speech- fast, rapid to frenetic circumstantial speech- unnecessary details tangential speech- lose point of conversation loose associations- disordered way of processing info flight of ideas- rapid speech with topic changes clang associations- placing words together to rhyme Mania Interventions Communication Safety Nutrition Sleep Hygiene Elimination Restraints & Seclusion Document Every 15 minutes- pt behaviors Every 30 to 60 minutes- offered food & fluids Every 1-2 hours- offered restroom & take vital signs Lithium 0.5-1.5 *take with food Maintain Sodium & Water Stop & Call MD- excessive diarrhea, vomiting or sweating can lead to dehydration Early Sign Lithium Toxicity GI upset, confusion, sedation Advanced Lithium toxicity Ataxia, seizures, coma, decreased BP Severe Lithium Toxicity convulsions, oliguria, death Anticonvulsants Valproate (Depakote) Carbamazepine (Tegretol)- Monitor for SJS Lamotrigine (Lamictal)- Monitor for SJS *Monitor LFT, & PLT Count Mood Stabilizers are taken with Antidepressants Treat Mania, depression, and bipolar Persistent depressive disorder Depressed most days for 2 years Plus: Increased or decreased appetite or sleeping Decreased energy & self-esteem Difficulty thinking Hopelessnesses Tx: antidepressants & CBT Anhedonia Loss of joy, decreases pleasure in daily activities Depression Age Considerations Depression is not normal in older adults Young Child: Cry Adolescent: Withdrawal Teenager: Irratiable Risk Factors Depression Genetic, biochemical, hormonal, inflammation, chronic or disabling medical conditions Cognitive thinking Persons thoughts influence emotions SSRI 1st line of tx Avoid ETOH Labs- LF,renal function, CBC Don’t stop abruptly Monitor for Serotonin Syndrome Stop all SSRI for 2-5 weeks before starting MAOIs Serotonin syndrome Tachycardia Fever Increased BP AMS Hostility Myoclonus Abdominal pain, Diarrhea Severe- hyperpyrexia, cardiovascular shock, or death TCAs Effects start at 4-8 weeks Anti Cholingeric side effects Urinary retention & sever constipation- immediate medical attention Causation with older adults Cardiotoxic effects Give @ night-sedative effects MAOIs No tyramine diet Hypertensive Crisis Risk factors for ECT Brain tumors & subdural hematomas Mild Anxiety Sharp Focus More effective problem Solving Slight physical sx- slight discomfort, restless Moderate Anxiety sees, hears, and grasps less information and may demonstrate selective inattention, in which only certain things in the environment are seen or heard unless they are pointed out Tension, Increased HR, BP, & RR GI upset Severe Anxiety Focus narrowed Doesn't notice details of environment HA, nausea, insomnia Hyperventilation can occur Sense of impending doom Panic Most intense Unable to process Loose touch with reality Erratic or impulsive Hallucinations Anxiety & Fear Anxiety-Unknown Fear- Specific danger Maladaptive Use Used excessively or immaturely Altruism & Sublimation Altruism- unconscious motivation to feel care or concern to others Sublimation- transforming negative impulses into less damaging & even productive impulses Panic Disorders Sudden onset Feeling of impending doom Last 10 minutes then subsides OCD Obsession- intrusive & recurrent thought Compulsion- behavior Nursing Process Mild to Moderate Anxiety Help to identify anxiety Encourage problem solving Promote self care Nursing Process Severe to Panic Anxiety Safety Teamwork Minimize stimuli Close ended questions Reorient to reality Maturational Crisis each stage of development requires new coping mechanisms for the tasks in the stage and development can be halted from a crisis Missing Something Situational Crisis Not Planned Adventitious Crisis Not part of every life Caused by human-made or nature Two goals of crisis intervention patient safety and anxiety reduction Primary, Secondary, Tertiary 1. Prevent crisis 2. Stabilize 3. Promote optimal level of functioning & prevent further emotional disruptive Universality Pt realizes they are not alone Altruism Pt gains or profits from giving support to others Increases self esteem Catharsis Genuine feelings that you are not alone Planning Phase -the name of the group -objectives of the group -types of individuals for inclusion -leader and member responsibilities Orientation Ground Rules Introductions Purpose of groups Working Flow of group Conflict may be expressed Storming-disagreement Norming- resolutions Performing-Norms & roles established Termination Share new insights and goals Feedback Leader Techniques Active Listening Ask Questions Clarification Reflection Support Monopolizing Group Member Address the entire group, maybe speak to the group member privately about the talkativeness - Suggest they limit their contributions to 2 to 3 interactions. Disruptive Group Member Speak to member privately to find out what is casing their anger Silent group member -Member may still be building trust with the group but if member is truly disengaged, ask if they need to take a break -Call on the group member to share their thoughts and give them time to speak Allow time to process Limit 2-3 interactions in group therapy Word Salad Jumbled words that are meaningless to listener Projection Unconscious rejection of emotionally unacceptable features Compensation Counterbalance perceived deficiencies by emphasizing strengths Rationalization Justifying illogical ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations Generalized Anxiety Disorders excessive anxiety without a specific cause