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Samenvatting Kunstmatige Intelligentie AI HBO WO 2026 - Machine Learning Deep Learning NLP CNN Transformer LLM EU AI Act

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COMPLETE SAMENVATTING KUNSTMATIGE INTELLIGENTIE (AI) HBO/WO 2026 Alle 12 hoofdstukken: • ANI vs. AGI vs. ASI + Turing Test + AI-geschiedenis • Zoekalgoritmen (BFS, DFS, A*, minimax) • Kennisrepresentatie (logica, ontologie, Bayesiaans, expertsystemen) • Machine Learning: supervised (regressie, decision tree, SVM, KNN, random forest) • Unsupervised (K-Means, DBSCAN, PCA) + Reinforcement Learning • Model evaluatie (accuracy, precision, recall, F1, AUC-ROC, confusion matrix) • Bias-Variance trade-off, overfitting/underfitting, cross-validation • Deep Learning (neuron, backpropagation, gradient descent, activatiefuncties) • Architecturen: CNN, RNN, LSTM, Transformer, GAN, Diffusion Models • NLP (tokenization, Word2Vec, BERT, LLMs: GPT-4, Claude, Gemini, LLaMA) • Computer Vision (classification, object detection, segmentation, OCR) • AI-ethiek (bias, transparantie, deepfakes, privacy, werkgelegenheid) • EU AI Act (4 risicocategorieën) + Responsible AI (FATE) HBO: Informatica, Business IT, Data Science | WO: AI, Computer Science

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Samenvatting Kunstmatige Intelligentie (AI) Ba-
sis
Machine Learning, Deep Learning, NLP en AI-ethiek
Complete Samenvatting voor HBO & WO


Versie: 2026
Geschikt voor: HBO Informatica, Business IT, Data Science, Bedrijfskunde;
WO AI
Inhoud: Alle kernthema’s AI + begrippenlijst + tentamentips


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review achter op Stuvia!



Inhoudsopgave
1. Inleiding AI
2. Geschiedenis van AI
3. Zoek- en Optimalisatiealgoritmen
4. Kennisrepresentatie en Logica
5. Machine Learning
6. Deep Learning en Neurale Netwerken
7. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
8. Computer Vision
9. Robotica en Autonome Systemen
10. AI-ethiek en Maatschappij
11. AI in de Praktijk
12. De Toekomst van AI



Hoofdstuk 1: Inleiding
1.1 Wat is AI?
Kunstmatige Intelligentie = het vermogen van machines om taken uit te vo-
eren die normaal menselijke intelligentie vereisen (leren, redeneren, waarnemen,
beslissen).

1.2 Soorten AI




1

, Type Beschrijving Status
Narrow AI (ANI) Specifieke taak (schaken, vertalen) � Nu
General AI (AGI) Menselijk niveau, alle taken � Nog niet
Super AI (ASI) Bovenmenselijk � Theoretisch


1.3 AI vs. ML vs. DL
AI (kunstmatige intelligentie)
��� Machine Learning (leren van data)
��� Deep Learning (neurale netwerken)

1.4 Turing Test
Alan Turing (1950): kan een machine een mens laten geloven dat het een mens
is? → Evaluatie van intelligentie.



Hoofdstuk 2: Geschiedenis

Periode Ontwikkeling
1950s Turing, Dartmouth Conference (1956: term “AI” bedacht)
1960-70s Expertssystemen, ELIZA (chatbot)
1970-80s AI Winter (teleurstelling, minder funding)
1990s Deep Blue verslaat Kasparov (schaken, 1997)
2010s Deep Learning explosie, AlphaGo (2016), GPT
2020s ChatGPT, DALL-E, Gemini, generatieve AI-revolutie




Hoofdstuk 3: Zoek- en Optimalisatie
3.1 Zoekalgoritmen

Algoritme Beschrijving
BFS (Breadth-First) Laag voor laag zoeken (breed)
DFS (Depth-First) Diepte-eerst zoeken
A* Heuristiek + kosten (optimaal pad)
Greedy Beste lokale keuze
Hill Climbing Steeds omhoog tot lokaal maximum




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Written in
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