NSG 3280 EXAM 2 / NSG 3280 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FOR NURSES EXAM 2 - (60 QUESTIONS) UP-TO-
DATE ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100%
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS | VERIFIED ANSWERS -
INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD
Candidate Name: ____________________________
Candidate ID: _______________________________
Date: ______________________________________
Examination Centre: _________________________
Time Allocation: 90 Minutes
Total Questions: 60
Instructions: Select the single best answer for each question.
Disclaimer: This is an original simulated examination designed for educational
purposes. It is inspired by typical formats used in undergraduate nursing
pathophysiology assessments and does not represent any official or proprietary
exam.
Candidate Instructions:
Read each question carefully before selecting your answer. Each question is
designed to assess applied knowledge of pathophysiological processes relevant
to nursing practice. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options
provided. No external materials are permitted. Manage your time effectively to
complete all questions. Each question carries equal marks.
Introduction:
This examination evaluates the student’s understanding of pathophysiological
mechanisms underlying common disease processes. Emphasis is placed on
clinical reasoning, integration of physiological principles, and application to
patient care scenarios. Students are expected to demonstrate comprehension
, of cellular injury, inflammation, immune response, fluid and electrolyte
balance, and major system disorders relevant to nursing practice.
Core Domains Assessed:
• Cellular Adaptation and Injury
• Inflammation and Immunity
• Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
• Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
• Respiratory Disorders
• Renal and Endocrine Dysfunction
Q1. A patient with prolonged hypoxia develops cellular swelling and decreased
ATP production. Which mechanism best explains this early reversible injury?
A. Increased lysosomal enzyme release
B. Failure of sodium-potassium pump
C. DNA fragmentation
D. Activation of apoptosis pathways
Correct Answer: B. Failure of sodium-potassium pump
Explanation: ATP depletion impairs the sodium-potassium pump, causing
sodium and water to accumulate inside the cell, leading to swelling. A is later-
stage damage, C is irreversible injury, and D relates to programmed cell death,
not early reversible injury.
Q2. A nurse is caring for a patient with acute inflammation. Which mediator is
primarily responsible for vasodilation and increased vascular permeability?
A. Histamine
B. Platelets
,C. Hemoglobin
D. Albumin
Correct Answer: A. Histamine
Explanation: Histamine released from mast cells causes vasodilation and
increased permeability. Platelets aid clotting, hemoglobin carries oxygen, and
albumin maintains oncotic pressure.
Q3. A patient presents with metabolic acidosis. Which compensatory response
is expected?
A. Decreased respiratory rate
B. Increased bicarbonate excretion
C. Increased respiratory rate
D. Increased CO₂ retention
Correct Answer: C. Increased respiratory rate
Explanation: The body compensates via hyperventilation to blow off CO₂. A
and D worsen acidosis, while B would decrease buffering capacity.
Q4. A patient develops edema due to decreased plasma oncotic pressure. Which
condition is most likely responsible?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypoalbuminemia
C. Hypertension
D. Polycythemia
, Correct Answer: B. Hypoalbuminemia
Explanation: Albumin maintains oncotic pressure. Low levels cause fluid to
shift into interstitial spaces. A, C, and D do not directly reduce oncotic
pressure.
Q5. During apoptosis, which characteristic feature is observed?
A. Cell swelling
B. Membrane rupture
C. DNA fragmentation
D. Inflammation
Correct Answer: C. DNA fragmentation
Explanation: Apoptosis involves controlled DNA breakdown without
inflammation. A and B are necrosis features, while D is absent in apoptosis.
Q6. A patient with left-sided heart failure develops pulmonary edema. What is
the primary mechanism?
A. Decreased capillary permeability
B. Increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries
C. Increased oncotic pressure
D. Decreased lymphatic drainage
Correct Answer: B. Increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary
capillaries
Explanation: Left heart failure causes blood backup, increasing pressure in
pulmonary vessels. A and C would reduce edema, while D is less central.
FOR NURSES EXAM 2 - (60 QUESTIONS) UP-TO-
DATE ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100%
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS | VERIFIED ANSWERS -
INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD
Candidate Name: ____________________________
Candidate ID: _______________________________
Date: ______________________________________
Examination Centre: _________________________
Time Allocation: 90 Minutes
Total Questions: 60
Instructions: Select the single best answer for each question.
Disclaimer: This is an original simulated examination designed for educational
purposes. It is inspired by typical formats used in undergraduate nursing
pathophysiology assessments and does not represent any official or proprietary
exam.
Candidate Instructions:
Read each question carefully before selecting your answer. Each question is
designed to assess applied knowledge of pathophysiological processes relevant
to nursing practice. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options
provided. No external materials are permitted. Manage your time effectively to
complete all questions. Each question carries equal marks.
Introduction:
This examination evaluates the student’s understanding of pathophysiological
mechanisms underlying common disease processes. Emphasis is placed on
clinical reasoning, integration of physiological principles, and application to
patient care scenarios. Students are expected to demonstrate comprehension
, of cellular injury, inflammation, immune response, fluid and electrolyte
balance, and major system disorders relevant to nursing practice.
Core Domains Assessed:
• Cellular Adaptation and Injury
• Inflammation and Immunity
• Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
• Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
• Respiratory Disorders
• Renal and Endocrine Dysfunction
Q1. A patient with prolonged hypoxia develops cellular swelling and decreased
ATP production. Which mechanism best explains this early reversible injury?
A. Increased lysosomal enzyme release
B. Failure of sodium-potassium pump
C. DNA fragmentation
D. Activation of apoptosis pathways
Correct Answer: B. Failure of sodium-potassium pump
Explanation: ATP depletion impairs the sodium-potassium pump, causing
sodium and water to accumulate inside the cell, leading to swelling. A is later-
stage damage, C is irreversible injury, and D relates to programmed cell death,
not early reversible injury.
Q2. A nurse is caring for a patient with acute inflammation. Which mediator is
primarily responsible for vasodilation and increased vascular permeability?
A. Histamine
B. Platelets
,C. Hemoglobin
D. Albumin
Correct Answer: A. Histamine
Explanation: Histamine released from mast cells causes vasodilation and
increased permeability. Platelets aid clotting, hemoglobin carries oxygen, and
albumin maintains oncotic pressure.
Q3. A patient presents with metabolic acidosis. Which compensatory response
is expected?
A. Decreased respiratory rate
B. Increased bicarbonate excretion
C. Increased respiratory rate
D. Increased CO₂ retention
Correct Answer: C. Increased respiratory rate
Explanation: The body compensates via hyperventilation to blow off CO₂. A
and D worsen acidosis, while B would decrease buffering capacity.
Q4. A patient develops edema due to decreased plasma oncotic pressure. Which
condition is most likely responsible?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypoalbuminemia
C. Hypertension
D. Polycythemia
, Correct Answer: B. Hypoalbuminemia
Explanation: Albumin maintains oncotic pressure. Low levels cause fluid to
shift into interstitial spaces. A, C, and D do not directly reduce oncotic
pressure.
Q5. During apoptosis, which characteristic feature is observed?
A. Cell swelling
B. Membrane rupture
C. DNA fragmentation
D. Inflammation
Correct Answer: C. DNA fragmentation
Explanation: Apoptosis involves controlled DNA breakdown without
inflammation. A and B are necrosis features, while D is absent in apoptosis.
Q6. A patient with left-sided heart failure develops pulmonary edema. What is
the primary mechanism?
A. Decreased capillary permeability
B. Increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries
C. Increased oncotic pressure
D. Decreased lymphatic drainage
Correct Answer: B. Increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary
capillaries
Explanation: Left heart failure causes blood backup, increasing pressure in
pulmonary vessels. A and C would reduce edema, while D is less central.
