Instructor’s Manual
Criminal Investigation: Basic Perspectives 13th Edition
by Michael Lyman
ST
U
D
YL
AB
, Table of Content
Chapter 1: Foundations and History of Criminal Investigation
Chapter 2: The Crime Scene: Identification and Collection of Evidence
Chapter 3: The Crime Scene: Field Notes, Documenting, and Reporting
Chapter 4: Identification of Criminal Suspects: Field and Laboratory Services
Chapter 5: Legal Issues in Criminal Investigation
Chapter 6: Interviews and Interrogations
Chapter 7: Criminal Intelligence and Surveillance Operations
Chapter 8: Undercover Operations and Informant Management
Chapter 9: Death Investigations
ST
Chapter 10: Robbery
Chapter 11: Assault and Related Offenses
Chapter 12: Missing and Abducted Persons
U
Chapter 13: Crimes against Children: Child Abuse, Child Fatalities, and Exploitation
Chapter 14: Theft-Related Offenses
D
Chapter 15: Arson, Bombings, and Terrorism
Chapter 16: Special Investigations: Drug Trafficking and Gangs
YL
Chapter 17: Special Investigations: While-Collar, Corporate, & Computer-Related Crimes
Chapter 18: Investigations of Officer-Involved Shootings
Chapter 19: Preparation for Court
AB
, HGFDSA
Chapter 1
Foundations and History of Criminal Investigation
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
The study of criminal investigation involves several different fields at once. It is important for an
investigator to understand basic techniques of collection and preservation of evidence, but to do
so, a fundamental understanding of criminalistics or forensic science is often required. In
addition to technical competence, modern-day investigators must be well versed in the law.
Legal skills include a working knowledge of criminal law, constitutional law, and rules of
evidence, all of which are essential for successful prosecution of a criminal case. The historical
roots of the United States criminal investigation process is presented in this chapter from the
ST
Bow Street Runners, the London Metropolitan Police, and Scotland Yard of Europe, to the early
police forces in the United States that attempted to mimic the best qualities of these forces
through modern day police investigative agencies. Topics of serology, forensic dentistry,
ballistics, toxicology, criminalistics, pathology, document analysis, and forensic odontology and
anthropology are addressed. The roles of criminal investigators and patrol officers are presented.
The chapter concludes with the objectives of criminal investigations and discussions involving
U
investigative biases such as belief perseverance, heuristics, anchoring, tunnel vision, and
availability.
D
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter the student will be able to:
YL
• Distinguish between the romance and reality of crime solving.
• Describe the historical context of criminal investigation.
• Describe the role of criminal investigation research and its increasing contribution in
crime detection.
• State the objectives of a properly conducted criminal investigation.
AB
• List the modes and types of investigations.
• Explain the role of the criminal investigator.
LECTURE OUTLINE
I. Introduction
a. Discuss the Golden State Killer case.
b. Criminal investigations, crime scenes, and evidence involve complex processes,
and require law enforcement officers to have extensive knowledge in a wide
variety of subject matter.
II. The Romance and Reality of Crime Solving
a. There is a modern-day fascination of law enforcement, crime, crime fighting, and
crime solving.
i. Novels, television crime dramas, and full-length movies.
ii. Classic theme of good versus evil.
HGFDSA
, HGFDSA
iii. Although entertaining, such stories often bear little resemblance to real
world criminal investigation.
III. The “CSI Effect”
a. Today, people are fascinated by the idea that science can solve crimes.
b. Because of television crime dramas, jurors today expect more categorical proof
than forensic science is capable of delivering.
c. New phrase has entered criminological lexicon: the “CSI effect”
i. Phenomenon in which jurors hold unrealistic expectations of forensic
evidence and investigation techniques, and have increased interest in
discipline of forensic science.
d. Virtually all scientific tests depicted on CSI rely on judgments of individual
experts and are difficult to verify with statistical analysis.
e. Effect is born out of longing to believe that desirable, clever, and morally
ST
unimpeachable individuals are fighting to clear the names of the innocent and put
bad guys behind bars.
IV. The Historical Context of Criminal Investigation
a. Criminal Investigation and our English Heritage
i. Europe’s Industrial Revolution caused the towns and cities to grow, which
lead to the increase of crime.
U
ii. Thief catchers were recruited.
1. Hirelings-were mercenary in nature.
2. Social climbers- implicated their accomplices in order to move up
D
the social ladder.
iii. In England, the first police worked only at night.
1. Called the “Watch of London”.
2. These parish constables originated in 1253 and lasted until 1829.
YL
3. Henry Fielding was appointed magistrate in Westminster.
a. Created England’s first police force: Bow Street Runners.
iv. The Bow Street Runners
1. Were the first well-known, uniformed police agency and team of
investigators.
AB
2. Fielding also organized a horse patrol and a permanent foot patrol.
v. Eugene-Francois Vidoco-The Father of Criminal Investigation
1. Outlaw-turned-law officer and founder of the French detective
police department and modern criminology.
a. Surete Nationale
2. Pioneered undercover work, anthropometrics, ballistics, and
careful crime scene investigation.
3. Created a unique record-keeping system.
vi. The London Metropolitan Police
1. Department’s founder was Sir Robert Peel.
a. Officers were known as “bobbies”.
b. Consisted of 1,000 uniformed full-time paid officers.
c. Required to meet height/weight requirements, be
professional, and be literate.
HGFDSA
Criminal Investigation: Basic Perspectives 13th Edition
by Michael Lyman
ST
U
D
YL
AB
, Table of Content
Chapter 1: Foundations and History of Criminal Investigation
Chapter 2: The Crime Scene: Identification and Collection of Evidence
Chapter 3: The Crime Scene: Field Notes, Documenting, and Reporting
Chapter 4: Identification of Criminal Suspects: Field and Laboratory Services
Chapter 5: Legal Issues in Criminal Investigation
Chapter 6: Interviews and Interrogations
Chapter 7: Criminal Intelligence and Surveillance Operations
Chapter 8: Undercover Operations and Informant Management
Chapter 9: Death Investigations
ST
Chapter 10: Robbery
Chapter 11: Assault and Related Offenses
Chapter 12: Missing and Abducted Persons
U
Chapter 13: Crimes against Children: Child Abuse, Child Fatalities, and Exploitation
Chapter 14: Theft-Related Offenses
D
Chapter 15: Arson, Bombings, and Terrorism
Chapter 16: Special Investigations: Drug Trafficking and Gangs
YL
Chapter 17: Special Investigations: While-Collar, Corporate, & Computer-Related Crimes
Chapter 18: Investigations of Officer-Involved Shootings
Chapter 19: Preparation for Court
AB
, HGFDSA
Chapter 1
Foundations and History of Criminal Investigation
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
The study of criminal investigation involves several different fields at once. It is important for an
investigator to understand basic techniques of collection and preservation of evidence, but to do
so, a fundamental understanding of criminalistics or forensic science is often required. In
addition to technical competence, modern-day investigators must be well versed in the law.
Legal skills include a working knowledge of criminal law, constitutional law, and rules of
evidence, all of which are essential for successful prosecution of a criminal case. The historical
roots of the United States criminal investigation process is presented in this chapter from the
ST
Bow Street Runners, the London Metropolitan Police, and Scotland Yard of Europe, to the early
police forces in the United States that attempted to mimic the best qualities of these forces
through modern day police investigative agencies. Topics of serology, forensic dentistry,
ballistics, toxicology, criminalistics, pathology, document analysis, and forensic odontology and
anthropology are addressed. The roles of criminal investigators and patrol officers are presented.
The chapter concludes with the objectives of criminal investigations and discussions involving
U
investigative biases such as belief perseverance, heuristics, anchoring, tunnel vision, and
availability.
D
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter the student will be able to:
YL
• Distinguish between the romance and reality of crime solving.
• Describe the historical context of criminal investigation.
• Describe the role of criminal investigation research and its increasing contribution in
crime detection.
• State the objectives of a properly conducted criminal investigation.
AB
• List the modes and types of investigations.
• Explain the role of the criminal investigator.
LECTURE OUTLINE
I. Introduction
a. Discuss the Golden State Killer case.
b. Criminal investigations, crime scenes, and evidence involve complex processes,
and require law enforcement officers to have extensive knowledge in a wide
variety of subject matter.
II. The Romance and Reality of Crime Solving
a. There is a modern-day fascination of law enforcement, crime, crime fighting, and
crime solving.
i. Novels, television crime dramas, and full-length movies.
ii. Classic theme of good versus evil.
HGFDSA
, HGFDSA
iii. Although entertaining, such stories often bear little resemblance to real
world criminal investigation.
III. The “CSI Effect”
a. Today, people are fascinated by the idea that science can solve crimes.
b. Because of television crime dramas, jurors today expect more categorical proof
than forensic science is capable of delivering.
c. New phrase has entered criminological lexicon: the “CSI effect”
i. Phenomenon in which jurors hold unrealistic expectations of forensic
evidence and investigation techniques, and have increased interest in
discipline of forensic science.
d. Virtually all scientific tests depicted on CSI rely on judgments of individual
experts and are difficult to verify with statistical analysis.
e. Effect is born out of longing to believe that desirable, clever, and morally
ST
unimpeachable individuals are fighting to clear the names of the innocent and put
bad guys behind bars.
IV. The Historical Context of Criminal Investigation
a. Criminal Investigation and our English Heritage
i. Europe’s Industrial Revolution caused the towns and cities to grow, which
lead to the increase of crime.
U
ii. Thief catchers were recruited.
1. Hirelings-were mercenary in nature.
2. Social climbers- implicated their accomplices in order to move up
D
the social ladder.
iii. In England, the first police worked only at night.
1. Called the “Watch of London”.
2. These parish constables originated in 1253 and lasted until 1829.
YL
3. Henry Fielding was appointed magistrate in Westminster.
a. Created England’s first police force: Bow Street Runners.
iv. The Bow Street Runners
1. Were the first well-known, uniformed police agency and team of
investigators.
AB
2. Fielding also organized a horse patrol and a permanent foot patrol.
v. Eugene-Francois Vidoco-The Father of Criminal Investigation
1. Outlaw-turned-law officer and founder of the French detective
police department and modern criminology.
a. Surete Nationale
2. Pioneered undercover work, anthropometrics, ballistics, and
careful crime scene investigation.
3. Created a unique record-keeping system.
vi. The London Metropolitan Police
1. Department’s founder was Sir Robert Peel.
a. Officers were known as “bobbies”.
b. Consisted of 1,000 uniformed full-time paid officers.
c. Required to meet height/weight requirements, be
professional, and be literate.
HGFDSA
