NR565 / NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Midterm Exam: Week 1, 2, 3 & 4
100% Guarantee Pass
1. Pharmacodynamics
: Answer What the drug does to the body
-3 Mechanisms of action
• Receptor
• Enzyme
• Nonselective Interactions
2. Enzymes
Answer
most frequently seen in relation to the metabolism of drugs
-act as catalysts in nearly every chemical reaction that takes place in the cells
-drugs can enhance or inhibit the catalytic actions
3. Nonselective interactions
Answer
drugs chemically alter or physically interfere with cellular structures or there
processes
,• ex: chemotherapy
4. Patient-specific plan goals
Answer
cure
-decrease in symptoms
-stopping or slowing the disease process
-preventing disease
-improved quality of life
5. Types of drug therapy
Answer
acute
• tx active disease & sustain life
-maintenance
• focus on prevention of disease progression
-supplemental
• medication required for normal body function
-palliative
• any tx program designed to provide symptomatic relief of chronic severe pain
-supportive
,• maintains integrity of body functions
-prophylactic
• prevention; immunizations, pre-procedure & postexposure antibiotics
-empiric
• clinical probability of illness that has not yet been diagnosed; administering broad
spectrum antibiotics before culture results
6. Idiosyncratic effects
Answer: unexpected individual responses to medications
7. Tolerance:
Answer declining response to a drug
8. Dependence
Answer: physiologic or psychologic need for a substance
9. NIH: dependence vs addiction
Answer
drug dependence
• a person needs a drug to function normally, abruptly stopping the drug leads to
withdrawal symptoms.
-drug addiction
, • the compulsive use of a substance, despite its negative or dangerous effects
10. drug interactions
Answer: • drug-drug
• food-drug
• additive
• synergistic
• antagonistic
• incompatibility
11. grapefruit juice decreases the metabolism of a number of drugs, includ-
ing:
Answer
buspirone
-nefedipine
-statins
12. what food counters the effect of warfarin
Answer: leafy dark greens
-contain vitamin K
13. antacids reduce effects of some drugs
Answer
(antagonistic interaction) thyroid replacement hormones
some antibiotics
Midterm Exam: Week 1, 2, 3 & 4
100% Guarantee Pass
1. Pharmacodynamics
: Answer What the drug does to the body
-3 Mechanisms of action
• Receptor
• Enzyme
• Nonselective Interactions
2. Enzymes
Answer
most frequently seen in relation to the metabolism of drugs
-act as catalysts in nearly every chemical reaction that takes place in the cells
-drugs can enhance or inhibit the catalytic actions
3. Nonselective interactions
Answer
drugs chemically alter or physically interfere with cellular structures or there
processes
,• ex: chemotherapy
4. Patient-specific plan goals
Answer
cure
-decrease in symptoms
-stopping or slowing the disease process
-preventing disease
-improved quality of life
5. Types of drug therapy
Answer
acute
• tx active disease & sustain life
-maintenance
• focus on prevention of disease progression
-supplemental
• medication required for normal body function
-palliative
• any tx program designed to provide symptomatic relief of chronic severe pain
-supportive
,• maintains integrity of body functions
-prophylactic
• prevention; immunizations, pre-procedure & postexposure antibiotics
-empiric
• clinical probability of illness that has not yet been diagnosed; administering broad
spectrum antibiotics before culture results
6. Idiosyncratic effects
Answer: unexpected individual responses to medications
7. Tolerance:
Answer declining response to a drug
8. Dependence
Answer: physiologic or psychologic need for a substance
9. NIH: dependence vs addiction
Answer
drug dependence
• a person needs a drug to function normally, abruptly stopping the drug leads to
withdrawal symptoms.
-drug addiction
, • the compulsive use of a substance, despite its negative or dangerous effects
10. drug interactions
Answer: • drug-drug
• food-drug
• additive
• synergistic
• antagonistic
• incompatibility
11. grapefruit juice decreases the metabolism of a number of drugs, includ-
ing:
Answer
buspirone
-nefedipine
-statins
12. what food counters the effect of warfarin
Answer: leafy dark greens
-contain vitamin K
13. antacids reduce effects of some drugs
Answer
(antagonistic interaction) thyroid replacement hormones
some antibiotics
