NR565 / NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Final Exam Review: Week 5, 6, 7 & 8 100% Guarantee Pass

NR565 / NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Final Exam Review: Week 5, 6, 7 & 8
100% Guarantee Pass



WEEK 5: ...

1. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation


What labs are used to diagnose?: -TSH - used primarily for screening and diag-
nosing hypothyroid and for monitoring replacement therapy in hypothyroid patients


-T4 - Used to monitor thyroid hormone replacement therapy and to screen for thyroid
dysfunction


-T3 - Useful in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism; can also be used to monitor hormone
replacement therapy


-TSH low
-T4 normal



,-T3 is high = hyperthyroidism


2. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation


Timeframe for re-check of labs after starting levothyroxine?: Recheck TSH 6-8
weeks after initiating therapy and after any dosage change; Check TSH at least once a
year after serum TSH is stabilized




3. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation


Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?: Hypothyroidism: Depend on severity. o
Mild: subtle and may go unrecognized
o Moderate to severe:
-Face is pale, puffy, and expressionless.
-Skin cold and dry.
-Hair is brittle and hair loss occurs.
-Slowed Heart rate.
-Patient may complain of lethargy, fatigue, and
-Temperature is lowered & intolerant to cold.
-Thyroid Enlargement may occur if reduced levels of T3 and
T4


,Mentation may be impaired.


4. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation






, Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism?: o Elevated Heart rate and strong, and dysr
X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X 4 X4




hythmias and angina may develop X4 X4 X4 X4




o TheCNSisstimulated,resultingisnervousness,insomnia,rapidthought flow,and rapid s
X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X 4 X4




peech, hyperreflexia, tremors X4 X4




o Skeletal muscles may weaken and atrophy X4 X4 X4 X4 X4




o Metabolic rate is raised, resulting in health and skin that is warm and moist o Fe X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X 4 X4




eling Hot + Heat intolerance X4 X4 X4 X4




o Appetit is increased but fails to match metabolic rate resulting in weight loss o Al
X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X 4 X4




l of these signs are referred to as thyrotoxicosis
X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4




o Also usually present with exophthalmos - bulging of the eyes
X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4




5. Thyroid o X 4 X
4




Treatment


Treatment of thyroid storm?: Characterized by profound hyperthermia (105 de- X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4




X4 grees F or higher), severe tachycardia, restlessness, agitation, and tremor.
X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4




Unconsciousness, coma, hypotension, and heart failure may ensure. These sym X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X 4 X4




ptoms are produced by excessive levels of thyroid hormone Thyroid crisis can
X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X 4 X4 X4 X4




be life threatening and requires immediate treatment.
X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4




o High doses of potassium iodide or strong iodine solution are given to suppress thyr
X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X 4




oid hormone release. X4 X4




o Methimazole is given to suppress thyroid hormone synthesis o X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X 4 X4




A beta blocker is given to reduce heart rate
X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4




o Additional measures include sedation, cooling, and giving glu X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4