BSC 108 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
(2026) | Comprehensive Review with
Detailed Rationales | A+ Verified
• a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or
termination signal -✓✓Codon
• an infectious form of a protein -✓✓Prion
• a virus that infects bacteria -✓✓Bacteriophage
• a noncoding portion of a gene -✓✓Intron
• a coding portion of a gene -✓✓Exon
• a specific sequence of three nucleotides that is complementary to a codon -
✓✓Anticodon
• T/F DNA and RNA are polymers composed of nucleotide monomers. -✓✓True
• How many nucleotides make up a codon? -✓✓three
• Translation converts the information stored in ____ to ____. -✓✓RNA; polypeptide
• T/F The three parts of a nucleotide are a sugar, a phosphate, and an anticodon. -
✓✓False
• The three parts of a nucleotide -✓✓nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group
• T/F After replication, each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one
new strand. -✓✓True
• A geneticist finds that a particular mutation has no effect on the polypeptide encoded
by the gene. This mutation probably involves -✓✓deletion of one nucleotide.
• Which of the following is the correct sequence of events that occurs during
transcription? -✓✓initiation, elongation, termination
• Describe the role of mRNA. -✓✓Messenger RNA encodes genetic information from
DNA and conveys it to the ribosomes, where the information is translated into amino
acid sequences.
, • If one strand of DNA has the sequence ATCCGA, what is the sequence of the other
strand? -✓✓TAGGCT
• In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with _______. -
✓✓thymine; cytosine
• T/F A mutagen is any change to the genetic information of a cell or virus. -✓✓False
• What cellular structure facilitates the process of translation? -✓✓ribosomes
• How do viruses differ from bacterial cells? -✓✓Viruses are not cellular and cannot
reproduce outside of a host organism.
• What is the best definition of a genetically modified organism? -✓✓an organism
carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means
• What can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell? -✓✓plasmids
• T/F DNA ligase is an enzyme used to bind DNA fragments together. -✓✓True
• T/F The scientific field that studies complete sets of genes is called proteonomics. -
✓✓False
• Put the steps of human gene therapy in the correct order -✓✓1. Normal human gene is
isolated and cloned.
2. Human gene is inserted into a virus.
3. Virus is injected into a patient.
4. Normal human gene is transcribed and translated in the patient.
• Describe three concerns about genetically modified foods. -✓✓Transfer of antibiotic
resistance, toxicity, and allergenicity
• Suppose you wish to create a large batch of the protein lactase using recombinant
DNA. Place the steps in the order you would have to perform them. -✓✓1. Isolate the
gene for lactase.
2. Create recombinant plasmids, including one that carries the gene for lactase.
3. Insert the plasmids into bacteria and grow the bacteria into clones.
4. Find the clone with the gene for lactase.
(2026) | Comprehensive Review with
Detailed Rationales | A+ Verified
• a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or
termination signal -✓✓Codon
• an infectious form of a protein -✓✓Prion
• a virus that infects bacteria -✓✓Bacteriophage
• a noncoding portion of a gene -✓✓Intron
• a coding portion of a gene -✓✓Exon
• a specific sequence of three nucleotides that is complementary to a codon -
✓✓Anticodon
• T/F DNA and RNA are polymers composed of nucleotide monomers. -✓✓True
• How many nucleotides make up a codon? -✓✓three
• Translation converts the information stored in ____ to ____. -✓✓RNA; polypeptide
• T/F The three parts of a nucleotide are a sugar, a phosphate, and an anticodon. -
✓✓False
• The three parts of a nucleotide -✓✓nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group
• T/F After replication, each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one
new strand. -✓✓True
• A geneticist finds that a particular mutation has no effect on the polypeptide encoded
by the gene. This mutation probably involves -✓✓deletion of one nucleotide.
• Which of the following is the correct sequence of events that occurs during
transcription? -✓✓initiation, elongation, termination
• Describe the role of mRNA. -✓✓Messenger RNA encodes genetic information from
DNA and conveys it to the ribosomes, where the information is translated into amino
acid sequences.
, • If one strand of DNA has the sequence ATCCGA, what is the sequence of the other
strand? -✓✓TAGGCT
• In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with _______. -
✓✓thymine; cytosine
• T/F A mutagen is any change to the genetic information of a cell or virus. -✓✓False
• What cellular structure facilitates the process of translation? -✓✓ribosomes
• How do viruses differ from bacterial cells? -✓✓Viruses are not cellular and cannot
reproduce outside of a host organism.
• What is the best definition of a genetically modified organism? -✓✓an organism
carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means
• What can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell? -✓✓plasmids
• T/F DNA ligase is an enzyme used to bind DNA fragments together. -✓✓True
• T/F The scientific field that studies complete sets of genes is called proteonomics. -
✓✓False
• Put the steps of human gene therapy in the correct order -✓✓1. Normal human gene is
isolated and cloned.
2. Human gene is inserted into a virus.
3. Virus is injected into a patient.
4. Normal human gene is transcribed and translated in the patient.
• Describe three concerns about genetically modified foods. -✓✓Transfer of antibiotic
resistance, toxicity, and allergenicity
• Suppose you wish to create a large batch of the protein lactase using recombinant
DNA. Place the steps in the order you would have to perform them. -✓✓1. Isolate the
gene for lactase.
2. Create recombinant plasmids, including one that carries the gene for lactase.
3. Insert the plasmids into bacteria and grow the bacteria into clones.
4. Find the clone with the gene for lactase.
