Summary Lecture Notes Aquaculture and Fisheries | YAS10306 | Wageningen

Aquaculture and fisheries
The following sectors can be distinguished that are all interrelated:
 Cultivation of fish for consumption (aquaculture sensu stricto)
 Capture of fish for consumption (fishing at sea and lakes)
 Sports fishing and water management (fish stock management in
relation to water management)
 Ornamental fish cultivation and trade
 Fish processing and trade
European aquaculture consists mainly of 5 subsectors:
 Salmon farming in Norway, Scotland, Faroe islands and Ireland
 Trout cultivation in Denmark, Germany, France, Spain and Itlary
 Carp farming in Central Europe and Southern Germany
 The cultivation of sea bass and sea bream in the mediterranean Sea
area
 Shellfish farming (oysters and mussels) in Spain, France, the
Netherlands, Ireland, Germany and Denmark
Top 10 most consumed seafood in the Netherlands
1. Canned tuna
2. Pangasius (frozen)
3. Fish sticks (frozen)
4. Salmon (frozen)
5. Salted herring (o.a. maatjes)
6. Salmon (smoked)
7. Herring marinated
8. Fresh salmon
9. Saithe (frozen)
Consumption
 2020: 214 million tonnes, with 178 million tonnes aquatic animals
and 36 million tonnes of algae
 Amount destined for human consumption was 20,2 kg per capita
 Fish is the most important source of protein for more than 1 billion
people in this world
 In 2030 about 30 to 40 million tonnes of fish will have to be
produced on top of what is currently produced
Not seafood only
 Live feeds
 Ornamental fish (at home)
 Pharma
 Cosmetics
 Biofuel

,  Jewellery (pearls)
 Restocking  natural population
 Research
 In the United states in 2014, about 11 million recreational saltwater
fishers generated $58 billion in sales impacts. Commercial fishing
generated $141 billion in sales impacts
 Recreational angling puts 1.4 billion into English economy annually
 Sport fishing in the Netherlands contributes some €1 billion to the
Dutch economy with up to 2 million anglers
 Ornamental fish: in 2013 some 23 million ornamental fish were
traded in the Netherlands, the Czech Republic is one of the largest
producers of ornamental fish in Europe
 2018 the Netherlands: 0,5 mil tonnes of fish, value 614,2 mil  17%
aquaculture and rest fisheries
How to get our seafood?
 The sea/fisheries: Catch (“hunting”)
 Culture: aquaculture
Who are the main consumer?
 Five largest consuming countries are:
o China, Indonesia and India (main producers)
o USA and Japan (rich)
 Fisheries is as old as mankind and aquaculture to (china)
Milestones fisheries (& aquaculture)
 Carp is seen as the very first farmed and domesticated fish species
(fish are barely domesticated)
 Middle ages:
o Fouding Benedictines (5th century): Friday fish day, pond culture
carp in Europe (10th century)  wrote his monks to eat fish on
Fridays and fasting days, they grew there own food this led to the
construction of monastery ponds
o Rising of Vikings: development drying fish (stockfish):
temperature was low so the Vikings where dependent on fishing
for their protein and fat supplies, they developd a technique to
dry fish and so store them
o Development of herring fisheries: preservation (removing
intestines, ca. 1350) “haring kaken” and Dutch Golden Age 
colonial time.
 Removing the gills (stored for a longer time)
 Help improving the herring fishing and trade and so made it the
most important form of fishing in the Netherlands until the last
century and penetrated deep into the Dutch culture
Industrial revolution, 19th & 20th century